Migration Flashcards
Why do people migrate from Laos to Thailand
1.9 million migrants in Thailand
Fastes growing economy in SE asia
Fill labour shortages in agriculture, fishing, manufacturing
Legal daily wage is 10x higher
Geographical proximity
How many mexican migrants living in US 2018
nearly 50 million
Why do people migrate to the US (fam reunification) (refugees)
Remittances
Services
480,000 migrants allowed for family reunification per year
45,000 refugees allowed per year
Positives of migration in US
More high skilled workers from migrants
More young working age population
Adds to consumer market
Challenges with migration in US
10.9 million unautherised migrants
challenges with integration
challenges with supply of services such as supply of water in cali
Changes in migration in US
In 2018 there were more migrants from each of China + India than mexico
More border control
More returnees
750,000 americans in mexico
How many migrants are there globally 2019
250 million most from south to south
Define migration
Physical movement of people for longer than 1 year
EDC
emerging developing country
Define diaspora
Scattered population from origin
Define asylum seeker
Poilitical refugee seeking asylum in another country
Define migrant remittances
Private funds by migrants to non migrant family
What are bi lateral corridors
Movement of migrants between 2 countries
Drifting population
Gradual movement of people
Internally displaced persons
Someone forced to flee home but remains in countries boders
Define refugee
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to excape war, persecution, or natural disaster
Example of intra regional migration
EU - 9m migrants in uk 3m born in EU
28 countries in the uk
How does migration help host country
Balances demography
Boosts GDP anf tax base
Increases consumer market
Fill skill gaps and labout shortages
How does migration help origin country
Social remittances (democracy, equality, peacebuilding)
Remittances supplement houshold income - multiplier effect
How can migration hinder host
Population increases (pressure on services)
Social conflict (language barrier)
Migrants vulnerable to human rights violations
How can migration hinder origin
Unbalences demography (brain drain)
Pop decline
Remittances increase inequality
Borders can become areas of conflict + trafficking
USA - Mexico remittances
25 billion
Define Bi-lateral corridor
Movement of migrants between two countries
Causes of bi-lateral corridors
Geographical proximity
Diasporic communities
Colonial links
Languages
Reasons for increasing female migrants
Differing status of women
Growing education of women
% migrants S-S and S-N
S-S = 36
S-N = 35
Where are remittances usually sent
2/3 of remmittances sent from S-S eg bangladesh to India
Brazil GDP
7500 per capita
Brazil - Portugal
150,000 portuguese in Brazil
Gateway to EU
Family
Brazil - USA
400,000 brazilians in USA
Already strong trade links
Geographical proximity
How has migration helped Brazil
Immigration led to filler labour gaps and boosted economy
Remmittances have improved quality of life
Member of Mercosur trade bloc
How has migration hindered Brazil
Inequalities in urban favelas
Internal inequality in rural areas
Discrimination
what % of migrants in USA are mexican
28%
% of Mexican GDP remittances
2%
interdependace between USA and Mexico
1.4 billion in trade per day
mexican work in us agriculture
growing diasporas in both
Opportunities from migration in US
Take low paid jobs
USA look for skilled migrants from abroud such as India and China
balances demography
consumer migrants
Challenges from migration US
12 million unautherised migrants
Discrimination still present in US (BLM)
Strain on local resources such as water shortage in California
Reasons for emmigration from Laos
Droughts lead to food shortages
Dissatisfaction with subsistance farming (73%)
Remmitances are main source of income for many families in Laos
Similar culture + language
Problems w migration LAos to thailand
Lack of clear migration policies leads to high levels of sexual exploitation
Laos GDP
1600 per capita
Where do Laotians work in Thailand
Agriculture, factory, construction, fishing
Opportunities of migration between Laos and Thailand
Largest in ASEAN leads to more trade
Econ impacts of remmittances
