Neurulation and MSK Development

Question 1

rostral and caudal neuropores must close to prevent defects; brain down to lumbar region of spinal cord

Answer 1

Primary neurulation

Question 2

sacral and coccyx regions of spinal cord; small pocket of cells called caudal eminence fuses with the caudal neuropore giving rise to sacral and coccyx regions of spinal cord

Answer 2

Secondary neurulation

Question 3

mesoderm origin and derived from sclerotome and cells of neural crest; gives rise to two other cell types

Answer 3

Meninx Primitiva

Question 4

gives rise to dura mater

Answer 4

Pachymeninx from sclerotome of meninx primitiva

Question 5

gives rise to arachnoid and Pia mater

Answer 5

leptomeninges from neural crest cells of meninx primitive

Question 6

Ventromedial part of somite

Answer 6

sclerotome

Question 7

Intramembranous Ossification

Answer 7

Mesenchyme turns to bone; flat bones of skull, face, temporal bone (head)

Question 8

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 8

mesenchyme turns to hyaline cartilage then bone (most bones)

Question 9

GOF in Hox genes

Answer 9

Caudalization; vertebrae looks like the vertebrae below it

Question 10

LOF in Hox genes

Answer 10

Cranialization; vertebrae looks like the vertebrae above it

Question 11

dorsolateral part of somite

Answer 11

dermatome and myotome

Question 12

Form extensor muscles of neck and vertebral column; true muscles of back

Answer 12

Epaxial muscles

Question 13

cervical myotomes, thoracic myotomes, lumbar myotomes, and Sacrococcygeal myotomes

Answer 13

Hypaxial muscles

Question 14

gives rise to somites

Answer 14

paraxial mesoderm; muscle, skeleton, and dermis

Question 15

gives rise to urogenital tract

Answer 15

Intermediate mesoderm; kidneys and gonads

Question 16

gives rise to connective tissue

Answer 16

lateral plate mesoderm; blood, lymph, mesenteries, and CV

Question 17

somites divide to

Answer 17

myotome, sclerotome, and dermatome

Question 18

give rise to sensory neurons only; found in cranial and trunk regions

Answer 18

neural crest cells

Question 19

When does motor neuron innervation from spinal cord happen?

Answer 19

week 4

Question 20

gives rise to nucleus pulposus due to degeneration and globbing

Answer 20

notochord

Question 21

fibrocartilage surrounding the nucleus pulposus is made from

Answer 21

sclerotome

Question 22

rib formation

Answer 22

grow from costal processes as sclerotome

Question 23

sternum formation

Answer 23

somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm

Question 24

innervation of epimere

Answer 24

dorsal rami

Question 25

innervation of hypomere

Answer 25

ventral rami