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MSK Test 1 > Fertilization and Gastrulation > Flashcards

Fertilization and Gastrulation Flashcards

1
Q

follicular cells that cover the egg

A

Corona Radiata

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2
Q

Glycoprotein meshwork important for zone reaction

A

Zona Pellucida

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3
Q

Part of the sperm which contains the mitochondria

A

Middle piece of tail, has mitochondrial sheath

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4
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

ampulla of the fallopian tube

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5
Q

Fertilization, cleavage, formation of blastocyst, formation of inner cell mass (embryoblast), and implantation

A

Week 1 events (0-7)

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6
Q

occurs in uterus and uterine tubes; glycoprotein coat on the head of sperm is removed allowing for acrosome reaction and passage of sperm through corona radiata

A

Capacitation (7 hours)

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7
Q

What enzyme is initially released by the sperm to penetrate the corona radiata?

A

hyalouronidase

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8
Q

Penetration of zona pellucida

A

esterases, acrosin, and neuraminidase released to penetrate; perivitelline space releases granules to help the zone reaction

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9
Q

Zona reaction

A

when one sperm breaks through zona pellucida a conformation change occurs to make it more rigid and prevent polyspermy

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10
Q

Perivitelline Space

A

Where egg cells release granules to help zona reaction

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11
Q

Morula

A

after 8 cell stage; day 3; 12-32 cells

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12
Q

Morula enters body of uterus and fluid diffuses in, forming a cavity

A

formation of the blastocyst; day 5

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13
Q

gives rise to placenta

A

trophoblast

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14
Q

gives rise to embryo

A

inner cell mass

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15
Q

Releases early pregnancy factor to protect embryo during first 10 days

A

trophoblast

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16
Q

stem cell layer that is mitotically active

A

Cytotrophoblast

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17
Q

multinucleate without a plasma membrane; release proteolytic enzymes for implantation chorionic gondatotropin (hCG)

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

18
Q

Formation of a bilaminar disc and implantation

A

Week 2 events

19
Q

Epiblast (ectoderm, amnion, amniotic cavity) and the hypoblast (only during week 2) derived from:

A

Inner Cell Mass

20
Q

Extraembryonic endoderm which gives rise to prechordal plate (fuses to epiblast forming future mouth), primary and secondary yolk sac (umbilical vesicles), and extraembryonic mesoderm

A

Hypoblast

21
Q

Hollow cavity outside of embryo

A

Extraembryonic coelom

22
Q

Lines the trophoblast and covers the amnion

A

Extraembryonic Somatic Mesoderm

23
Q

Lines the yolk sac (umbilical vesicle)

A

Extraembryonic Splanchnic Mesoderm

24
Q

from extraembryonic somatic mesoderm; forms at embryonic pole; position changes during development

A

Connecting Stalk (umbilical cord)

25
Q

Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm derivative; forms in the walls of the yolk sac

A

Primitive Blood

26
Q

Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm derivative; also includes cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast; part of placenta

A

Chorion

27
Q

Usually happens in posterior wall of uterus after 6 days

A

implantation

28
Q

zygote implants in the wrong area of the uterus; often in the uterine tube and can lead to severe problems

A

Abnormal Implantation or Ectopic Pregnancy

29
Q

vaginal bleeding beyond 20 weeks gestation; placenta implants over the internal cervical os; marginal, partial, and total

A

Placenta Previa

30
Q

formation of the three germ layers that give rise to all tissues; comes from the epiblast

A

Gastrulation

31
Q

Formed from ectoderm

A

skin, hair, nails, CNS, brain

32
Q

Formed from mesoderm

A

connective tissues, bone, muscle, blood, heart, spleen

33
Q

Formed from endoderm

A

lungs, GI organs, bladder, glands

34
Q

Forms in caudal portion of embryo; primitive node/knot at top with the streak coming down

A

Primitive Streak

35
Q

Cells at primitive streak meet and are pushed down to form true embryonic endoderm (replacing hypoblast) and mesoderm

A

Formation of the layers

36
Q

future diaphragm (rostral)

A

septum transversum (mesoderm)

37
Q

future heart (rostral)

A

cardiogenic area (mesoderm)

38
Q

Prechordal plate only made up of two layers (no blood supply); future mouth

A

endoderm and ectoderms

39
Q

Cloacal membrane only two layers and no blood supply; common membrane for urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems

A

endoderm and ectoderm

40
Q

mesoderm from primitive pit towards prechordal plate; template for vertebral column, longitudinal axis for embryo, and induces the formation of neural plate and CNS

A

Notochord

41
Q

posterior midline diverticulum from wall of yolk sac; endoderm; template for umbilical arteries and veins; BECOMES URACHUS

A

Allantois

MSK Test 1 (11 decks)

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