Back Arthrology

Question 1

Synovial Joint (diarthrosis)

Answer 1

joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the horned bones; filled with synovial fluid; hyaline cartilage lining both edges of bone

Question 2

Cartilaginous Joint (Amphiarthosis)

Answer 2

bones connected entirely by cartilage

Question 3

Fibrous Joint (Synarthrosis)

Answer 3

bones connected by dense connective tissue; mainly collagen

Question 4

Planar Joint

Answer 4

synovial; non-axial (no bending across axis); glides and slides; acromioclavicular joint

Question 5

Hinge or Ginglymus Joint

Answer 5

hinge; uniaxial; thin slack joint capsule (elbow)

Question 6

Trochoid or Pivot Joint

Answer 6

pivot; uniaxial rotation; atlantoaxial joint (pivots around the Dens)

Question 7

Condyloid or Condylar Joint

Answer 7

one or two concave surfaces articulating with one or two convex surfaces; biaxial; metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 8

Sellar or Saddle Joint

Answer 8

both convex and concave surfaces; biaxial; allows false circumduction without rotation

Question 9

Spheroidal or Ball and Socket Joint

Answer 9

multiaxial, allows circumduction; hip and elbow

Question 10

Compound Synovial Joints

Answer 10

Any of the 6 synovial joints combined; atlantoaxial joint is trochoid but also a planar joint

Question 11

Suture Joint

Answer 11

All in the skull; serrated, squamous, and planar; connected by fibrous connective tissue

Question 12

Gomphosis Joint

Answer 12

Peg in socket joint joined by fibrous connective tissue

Question 13

Schindylesis

Answer 13

Tongue in groove joint joined by fibrous connective tissue

Question 14

Syndesmosis

Answer 14

two bones separated by fibrous membrane (sheet)

Question 15

Synchondrosis (Primary Cartilaginous Joint)

Answer 15

usually transient (only when bone is growing); temporary union of hyaline cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 16

Symphysis (Secondary Cartilaginous Joint)

Answer 16

strong, slightly movable joints united by fibrocartilage

Question 17

Vertebral Joints (C1/C2)

Answer 17

compound synovial; planar and trochoid

Question 18

Intervertebral Joints

Answer 18

Compound joints; symphysis and planar synovial

Question 19

Sacrum/Coccyx joint

Answer 19

symphysis joint

Question 20

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 20

runs along anterior edge of vertebral bodies

Question 21

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 21

runs longitudinally on posterior edge of vertebral body

Question 22

Ligamentum Flavum

Answer 22

Lines anterior portion of the vertebral laminae; sits opposite of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 23

Supraspinous Ligament

Answer 23

runs along the very back of the spinous processes

Question 24

Interspinous Ligaments

Answer 24

runs between spinous processes

Question 25

Intertransverse Ligaments

Answer 25

runs along the transverse spinous processes

Question 26

Annulus Fibrosis

Answer 26

tough fibrous outer region of intervertebral discs overlapping lamellae of fibrocartilage

Question 27

Nucleus Pulposus

Answer 27

soft gelatinous center of disc

Question 28

Joint of Luschka

Answer 28

between the uncinate process in cervical vertebrate and vertebra above

Question 29

Atlanto-occipital Joint

Answer 29

Occipital Bone and atlas; condyloid synovial joint; anterior longitudinal ligament becomes anterior atlantooccipital membrane, the posterior longitudinal ligament becomes the tectorial membrane and enters at the Foramen Magnum, and ligamentum flavum becomes the posterior atlantooccipital membrane

Question 30

Nuchal Ligament

Answer 30

back of cervical vertebra to the external occipital protuberance

Question 31

Median Atlantoaxial Joint

Answer 31

between Dens and Fovea for Dens; cruciate ligament (3 parts); transverse ligament of the atlas to hold Dens in place, superior longitudinal band, and inferior longitudinal band; Alar ligaments from Dens to occipital bone; and apical ligament of Dens that goes up to occipital bone

Question 32

Atlantoaxial Joint Overall

Answer 32

between C1 and C2; compound synovial of planar synovial and trochoid/pivot joints

Question 33

Lateral Atlantoaxial Joint

Answer 33

planar synovial joint between superior and inferior articulating processes of the atlas and axis

Question 34

Lumbosacral Joint

Answer 34

between L5 and Sacrum; compound joint (symphysis and planar synovial); ALL, PLL, ligamentum flavum; NO interspinous, intertransverse, or supraspinal