Back Arthrology Flashcards
Synovial Joint (diarthrosis)
joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the horned bones; filled with synovial fluid; hyaline cartilage lining both edges of bone
Cartilaginous Joint (Amphiarthosis)
bones connected entirely by cartilage
Fibrous Joint (Synarthrosis)
bones connected by dense connective tissue; mainly collagen
Planar Joint
synovial; non-axial (no bending across axis); glides and slides; acromioclavicular joint
Hinge or Ginglymus Joint
hinge; uniaxial; thin slack joint capsule (elbow)
Trochoid or Pivot Joint
pivot; uniaxial rotation; atlantoaxial joint (pivots around the Dens)
Condyloid or Condylar Joint
one or two concave surfaces articulating with one or two convex surfaces; biaxial; metacarpophalangeal joint
Sellar or Saddle Joint
both convex and concave surfaces; biaxial; allows false circumduction without rotation
Spheroidal or Ball and Socket Joint
multiaxial, allows circumduction; hip and elbow
Compound Synovial Joints
Any of the 6 synovial joints combined; atlantoaxial joint is trochoid but also a planar joint
Suture Joint
All in the skull; serrated, squamous, and planar; connected by fibrous connective tissue
Gomphosis Joint
Peg in socket joint joined by fibrous connective tissue
Schindylesis
Tongue in groove joint joined by fibrous connective tissue
Syndesmosis
two bones separated by fibrous membrane (sheet)
Synchondrosis (Primary Cartilaginous Joint)
usually transient (only when bone is growing); temporary union of hyaline cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis
Symphysis (Secondary Cartilaginous Joint)
strong, slightly movable joints united by fibrocartilage
Vertebral Joints (C1/C2)
compound synovial; planar and trochoid
Intervertebral Joints
Compound joints; symphysis and planar synovial
Sacrum/Coccyx joint
symphysis joint
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
runs along anterior edge of vertebral bodies
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
runs longitudinally on posterior edge of vertebral body
Ligamentum Flavum
Lines anterior portion of the vertebral laminae; sits opposite of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Supraspinous Ligament
runs along the very back of the spinous processes
Interspinous Ligaments
runs between spinous processes
Intertransverse Ligaments
runs along the transverse spinous processes
Annulus Fibrosis
tough fibrous outer region of intervertebral discs overlapping lamellae of fibrocartilage
Nucleus Pulposus
soft gelatinous center of disc
Joint of Luschka
between the uncinate process in cervical vertebrate and vertebra above
Atlanto-occipital Joint
Occipital Bone and atlas; condyloid synovial joint; anterior longitudinal ligament becomes anterior atlantooccipital membrane, the posterior longitudinal ligament becomes the tectorial membrane and enters at the Foramen Magnum, and ligamentum flavum becomes the posterior atlantooccipital membrane
Nuchal Ligament
back of cervical vertebra to the external occipital protuberance
Median Atlantoaxial Joint
between Dens and Fovea for Dens; cruciate ligament (3 parts); transverse ligament of the atlas to hold Dens in place, superior longitudinal band, and inferior longitudinal band; Alar ligaments from Dens to occipital bone; and apical ligament of Dens that goes up to occipital bone
Atlantoaxial Joint Overall
between C1 and C2; compound synovial of planar synovial and trochoid/pivot joints
Lateral Atlantoaxial Joint
planar synovial joint between superior and inferior articulating processes of the atlas and axis
Lumbosacral Joint
between L5 and Sacrum; compound joint (symphysis and planar synovial); ALL, PLL, ligamentum flavum; NO interspinous, intertransverse, or supraspinal
