Back Angiology and Neurology Flashcards
Vertebral artery
passes through the transverse foramina and across the posterior arch of atlas (groove); present in suboccipital
Anterior spinal artery
one on the front of spinal cord; come from vertebral artery
Posterior spinal arteries
two on back of spinal cord; come from vertebral artery
Transverse cervical artery
comes from subclavian and supplies trapezius muscle
Dorsal scapular artery
from subclavian supplies layer 2 muscles (rhomboids and levator scapulae)
Thoracodorsal artery
from axillary then subscapular; supplies latissimus dorsi
Spinal branch
travels into vertebral canal by going through intervertebral foramen
segmental medullary artery
artery makes it all the way to spinal artery from branch
radicular artery
artery does not make it all the way to spinal artery
8 arteries making up paraspinal arteries
vertebral, ascending cervical, deep cervical, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar, iliolumbar, and lateral sacral
internal vertebral venous plexus
inside vertebral canal
external vertebral venous plexus
outside vertebral canal
Nerves in cervical spine
8; one above atlas
Nerve enlargements
cervical and lumbosacral
medullary cone
bottom of spinal cord; caudal equina after that (horses tail)
Spinal Meninge layers
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and Pia mater
Epidural space
upon dura mater, fat filled
Dura-arachnoid interface
should be stuck together and not have a space or will push on spinal cord
Arachnid trabeculae
gives structure to sub-arachnoid space between arachnoid and Pia; cerebrospinal fluid circulates here
Pia mater
stuck directly to the neural tissue; some spots it stretches out and contacts the inside of the arachnoid mater at denticulate ligament
Lumbar cistern
area near medullary cone where there is a swelling of subarachnoid space; where CSF tends to pool
Filum terminale Internum
just Pia mater extending down to bottom of lumbar cistern inside the dural sac
Filum Terminale Externum
Pia mater adds dura mater to become filum terminale externum below internum
Spinal cord segments (posterior and anterior)
rootlets come together to form a root; associated with the posterior only root is a spinal ganglion; spinal nerve passes through intervertebral foramen and immediately splits into anterior and posterior rami
anterior ramus
does most of the work; feeds into plexuses; not the spinal nerve
posterior ramus
innervates all intrinsic posterior back muscles
Posterior ramus of C1 nerve
Suboccipital nerve; innervates suboccipital muscles
Posterior ramus of C2 nerve
greater occipital nerve; comes out below obliquus captious inferior and moves up
Posterior ramus of C3 nerve
Least occipital nerve
Superior and Middle Cluneal nerves
posterior rami lower
