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MSK Test 1 > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal trophoblastic proliferation leading to too much hCG being produced; complete or partial; vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, large uterus; can lead to a choriocarcinoma

A

Hydatidiform Mole; complete is fertilization of empty oocyte and duplication of sperm of fertilization of empty oocyte by two sperm; partial is fertilization of normal oocyte by two sperm

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2
Q

Malignant tumor derived from hydatidiform mole; liver, lungs, vagina, intestines, bone, and brain

A

Choriocarcinomas

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3
Q

Jefferson Fracture

A

(burst fracture); fracture of both arches of atlas due to blow to head from top; usually will not hurt spinal cord

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4
Q

Hangman’s Fracture

A

Fracture of the vertebral arch of the axis (laminae)

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5
Q

Vertebral lamina fails to fuse and close off the vertebral canal; often in lower back but can be anywhere

A

Spina Bifida

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6
Q

the vertebral canal is too narrow and squeezes spinal cord or nerves

A

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

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7
Q

needle inserted between L3/L4 or L4/L5 at the iliac crests to prevent injury to the spinal cord; pops as passes through liagmentum flavum and passes into the lumbar cistern deep

A

Lumbar Puncture

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8
Q

L5 transverse process fuses in with the sacrum

A

Sacralization

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9
Q

Lateral curvature of spine

A

scoliosis

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10
Q

Whiplash Injury

A

excessive stretching and tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament; recoil can cause hyper flexion as well

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11
Q

Spinal injury

A

Put the anterior longitudinal ligament in a state of extension; helps to realign the bones and spine

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12
Q

Disc Herniation

A

occurs posterolaterally; nucleus pulposus herniates through the annulus fibrosis; no support from ALL or PLL; L4/L5 and L5/S1 because bigger discs

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13
Q

Second Number Rule

A

spinal nerve affected is the second number of the pair for cervical and lumbar area

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14
Q

Back sprain

A

ligamentous attachment injury

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15
Q

Back strain

A

extensive stretching or tearing of the musculature

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16
Q

Spinal cord injury

A

C1-3 needs respirator; C4-5 can breathe but not use limbs; C6-8 cannot use hands and variable upper arm; T1-9 paralysis of lower limbs; T10-L1 some thigh muscle ability (walking?); L2-3 most lower leg function, can walk with small braces usually

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17
Q

Back pain

A

muscular, fibroskeletal, and joint (synovial)

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18
Q

clavicle fracture that is incomplete

A

Greenstick fracture

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19
Q

Colle’S Fracture

A

fall and break distal part of radius; also often styloid of ulna

20
Q

compression of medial nerve In carpal tunnel

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

21
Q

compression of ulnar nerve in guyon’s tunnel between pisiform and hammulus

A

Guyon’s canal syndrome

22
Q

Distal phalanx fracture

A

fracture of distal phalanx often hurts nail bed, skin, etc.

23
Q

inflammation of the subcutaneous olecranon bursa

A

miner’s elbow, dart thrower’s elbow, student’s elbow; excessive friction between skin and olecranon

24
Q

sprain of lateral collateral L. of thumb

A

Bull rider’s thumb

25
Q

laxity/rupture of medial and lateral collateral Ls. or just medial

A

Skier’s or Gamekeeper’s thumb

26
Q

hyperflexion of distal interphalangeal joint can bring extensor tendon away from distal phalanx

A

Mallett or Baseball finger

27
Q

shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia contracting fourth and fifth digits

A

Dupuytren Contracture

28
Q

Injury to long thoracic nerve (serratus anterior M.) results in winging of scapula making it difficult to abduct the upper limbs

A

Winging of the scapula

29
Q

benign proliferation; remnant of primitive streak due to cells of epiblast continuing to divide

A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

30
Q

slow growing aggressive bone neoplasms; arise from notochord; occur in axial skeleton (sphenoid-occipital region of skull)

A

Chordomas

31
Q

Caudal neuropore does not close at appropriate time

A

Spina bifida occulta, meningocele, meningomyelocele, and myelocele

32
Q

delayed closing of caudal neuropore; vertebral (neural) arches did not fuse all the way together

A

spina bifida occulta

33
Q

Cyst of meninges; dura mater makes cyst like protrusion out of back; no neural/vertebral arches; CSF in cyst

A

Meningocele

34
Q

cyst of meninges with neural tube (spinal cord) protrusion into cyst; motor and sensory defects

A

Meningomyelocele

35
Q

spinal cord is open and exposed through back; must surgically correct right after birth; motor and sensory deficits

A

Myelocele

36
Q

failure of rostral neuropore to close properly; cannot live, no skull

A

Anencephaly

37
Q

failure of rostral neuropore to close properly; without brain tissue involvement can be normal, if brain tissue present can have problems

A

Encephalocele

38
Q

formation of an extra rib above rib 1; not fully developed and may or may not fully develop; cause thoracic outlet syndrome (compress brachial plexus or subclavian artery)

A

Cervical rib

39
Q

Sternum protrusion with unknown cause; no known problems just looks weird as fuck

A

Pectus Carinatum or pigeon chest

40
Q

sternum depression or funnel chest; can compress the heart and shift it over to one side (usually left); SOB and pain during exercise along with exercise intolerance

A

Pectus Excavatum

41
Q

absence of migration of hypomere into chest; no pectorals major and minor forms; associated with syndactyly, absence of 2-4 ribs, ipsilateral breast hypoplasia; other muscles compensate

A

Poland syndrome

42
Q

Partial or complete absence of abdominal musculature (from hypomere); affects males mainly; associated with cryptorchidism (failure of testes To descend) and malformations of urinary tract and bladder

A

Prune-Belly Syndrome

43
Q

Bicipital tendon reflex

A

can be indicative of a problem with musculocutaneous N. or C5 and C6 anterior rami

44
Q

repetitive movement of long head of bicep through intertubercular groove can inflame the tendon or even cause it to separate (Popeye deformity)

A

Biceps tendinitis

45
Q

repetitive use of superficial extensor muscles leading to inflammation and pain over lateral humeral epicondyle and down the posterior forearm

A

Lateral epicondylitis or tennis elbow

46
Q

lay hand flat and look for small area b/w extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

A

anatomical snuff box; both radial artery and superficial radial N. present

47
Q

area susceptible to aneurysm in people with repeated rapid arm movements, and can compress brachial plexus resulting in pain or loss of sensation

A

Region 1 of axillary A.

MSK Test 1 (11 decks)

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