Neurotransmitters

Question 1

3 main amino acid NTs

Answer 1

glutamate, GABA, glycine

Question 2

main amino acid derived NTs

Answer 2

serotonin, catecholamines (NE and dopamine)

Question 3

4 main regions of ACh activity

Answer 3

somatic motor neurons (spinal cord, CNs, NMJs)

basal ganglia neurons

ANS

Basal nucleus of Meynert (assoc w/ memory)

Question 4

clinical app of ACh

Answer 4

tx of alzheimers, dementia, motor fn (myasthenia), autonomic fn

Question 5

ionotropic Ach receptor

Answer 5

nicotinic for Na, excitatory

Question 6

metabotropic Ach receptor

Answer 6

muscarinic, both excitatory and inhibitory

Question 7

glutamate area of fn

Answer 7

everywhere in CNS- spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum, hippocampus, cerebral cortex

Question 8

fn of glutamate

Answer 8

excitatory for cognition, motor and sensory fn

Question 9

clinical app of glutamate

Answer 9

rx of ALS (Lou Gehrig’s)

Question 10

ionotropic receptors for glutamate

Answer 10

NMDA (Ca++), Kainate (Na+), AMPA (Na+)

all excitatory

Question 11

metabotropic receptor for glutamate

Answer 11

excitatory- intracellular second messenger (cAMP from Gs or IP3 and DAG from Gq) raises Ca++

Question 12

GABA activity site

Answer 12

cerebellum, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia

Question 13

GABA fn

Answer 13

inhibition of cognitive, motor, sensory fn

Question 14

GABA clinical app

Answer 14

anxiety Rx, drug abuse

Question 15

ionotropic GABA receptor

Answer 15

GABAa, Cl- channel, inhibitory

Question 16

metabotropic GABA receptor

Answer 16

GABAb, inhibitory- lower cAMP and raise K+ permeability via Gi

Question 17

Glycine site of action

Answer 17

spinal cord

Question 18

glycine fn/clinical app

Answer 18

spinal cord inhibition, Rx for spasticity

Question 19

ionotropic glycine receptor

Answer 19

inhibitory, Cl- channel

Question 20

metabotropic glycine receptor

Answer 20

NONE

Question 21

serotonin site of action

Answer 21

pineal gland, raphe nucleus of pons

Question 22

serotonin fn

Answer 22

limbic fn

Question 23

serotonin clinical app

Answer 23

depression Rx, migraine Rx, sleep regulation

Question 24

ionotropic serotonin receptor

Answer 24

5HT-3 for Na and K, excitatory

Question 25

metabotropic serotonin receptor

Answer 25

5HT1, 5HT2, 5HT4-7, both inhibitory and excitatory

act via cAMP (Gi or Gs) and IP3 and DAG (Gq)

widely expressed in brain

Question 26

NE site of action

Answer 26

sympathetic nervous system, locus ceruleus (pons) and lateral tegmentum (whole brainstem)

Question 27

NE fn

Answer 27

Limbic fn

Question 28

NE clinical app

Answer 28

anxiety, arousal/attention, autonomic fn (CV drugs)

Question 29

ionotropic NE receptors

Answer 29

NONE

Question 30

metabotropic NE receptors, and their location

Answer 30

alpha 1- excitatory
alpha 2- inhibitory
beta 1- excitatory
beta 2- inhibitory

expressed widely in brain, both pre and post synapse

Question 31

dopamine site of action

Answer 31

hypothalamus, midbrain substantia nigra

Question 32

dopamine fn

Answer 32

basal ganglia fn, reward/reinforcement, motivation

Question 33

dopamine clinical app

Answer 33

parkinsons, psychosis, addiction

Question 34

dopamine ionotropic receptors

Answer 34

none?

Question 35

dopamine metabotropic receptors, and their location

Answer 35

D1- excitatory, raise cAMP via Gs

D2- inhibitory, lower cAMP via Gi

expressed widely in brain both pre and post synapse

Question 36

major enzyme for NE synthesis

Answer 36

tyrosine hydroxylase