Embryology intro Flashcards

1
Q

diff b/w baby and mom development duration

A

38 weeks for baby, 40 for mom (40 weeks from LMP)

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2
Q

embryonic period

A

weeks 3-8, embryo w/ organogenesis

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3
Q

weeks 1-2

A

zygote-morula-blastocyst; fertilization and implantation

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4
Q

fetal period

A

weeks 9-38, fetus- growth and maturation

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5
Q

birth defect

A

congenital abnormality present at birth

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6
Q

malformation

A

structural abnormality secondary to intrinsic process like genetic abnormality

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7
Q

deformation

A

abnormality secondary to extrinsic process

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8
Q

sequence

A

multiple abnormalities developing in order

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9
Q

syndrome

A

multiple abnormalities in no known sequence

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10
Q

abnormal development in weeks 1-2

A

not susceptible to teratogens, secondary to inherited genetics

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11
Q

abnormal development in embryonic period

A

most vulnerable time! susceptible to all types, major anomalies when development is disrupted while structure is only a few cells

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12
Q

abnormal development in fetal period

A

susceptible to all types, minor anomalies b/c structures are almost fully formed

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13
Q

common “directions” of development

A

cranial to caudal, proximal to distal

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14
Q

fns performed by placenta

A

fetal lungs, kidneys, GI tract

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15
Q

fetus interaction (body processes) w/ amniotic fluid

A

breathes the fluid, urinates into fluid, does NOT defecate in utero

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16
Q

process during week 1 in order

A

fertilization- zygote division- morula- early blastocyst- late blastocyst- implantation in uterus

17
Q

differentiate 2 components of late blastocyst

A

inner cell mass- becomes fetus

trophoblast- becomes placenta and fetal membranes

18
Q

week 2 processes

A

inner cell mass into epiblast (embryo) and hypoblast (disappears), amniotic cavity appears, primitive streak forms

19
Q

primitive streak

A

dorsal, caudal midline in epiblast - precursor to 3 germ layers

20
Q

dorsal view

A

“birds eye”- cranial up at the top and caudal at the bottom

21
Q

transverse view

A

cross section- top is posterior/dorsal, bottom is anterior/ventral

22
Q

week 3 development- 3 main processes

A

gastrulation (trilaminar embryo w/ 3 layers), somite formation, neurulation

23
Q

gastrulation

A

epiblast becomes ectoderm, 2 new layers form under epiblast at primitive streak: mesoderm and endoderm

24
Q

ectoderm

A

epidermis, teeth, nervous system

25
mesoderm
muscle, bone, connective tissue, vessels and blood, dermis
26
endoderm
epithelium of GI and respiratory tracts
27
mesenchyme
aggregates of undifferentiated cells, mostly from mesoderm
28
somites
horizontal body segments, form during week 3 from mesoderm
29
3 somite divisions
dermatome- skin, myotome- muscle, sclerotome- bone
30
3D embryo structure beginning of week 4
flat!!! during week 4, folding begins in 2 directions
31
longitudinal folding, visualize longitudinal section
cranial and caudal ends fold ventrally- heart moved from cranial to new thorax and begins to beat
32
transverse folding, visualize cross-section view
lateral sides fold ventrally and fuse at the ventral midline creates GI tract and body cavity precursor (coelom) new germ layers begin to differentiate
33
major events of week 4
beginning of transverse and longitudinal folding, germ layer differentiation