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Cardio > Anatomy 2- Neck and mediastinum > Flashcards

Anatomy 2- Neck and mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

location and fn of phrenic nerve

A

b/w parietal pleura and pericardium, comes from C3,4, and 5

innervates diaphragm, sensory signals from all three of these things

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2
Q

principal and accessory muscles of inspiration

A

principal: diaphragm and ext intercostals
accessory: SCM, scalenes

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3
Q

muscles of expiration

A

passive process during quiet breathing, int intercostals and abs during active breathing

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4
Q

differentiate the pleural layers

A

parietal pleura assoc w/ walls of pleural cavity, visceral pleura w/ surface of the lung

pleural cavity is potential space b/w the two

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5
Q

4 divisions of the parietal pleura

A

costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, cervical (aka sibson’s fascia)

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6
Q

define hilum and root of lung

A

hilum is the bare location where mediastinal pleura reflects, makes way for the root which contains vessels and airways

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7
Q

pleural recesses

A

2 regions where lungs are not present except for forced inspiration: costomediastinal recess and costodiaphragmatic

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8
Q

patho of pneumothorax

A

trauma or damage allows air into pleural cavity, lung collapses due to its inherent elasticity (normally prevented by surface tension b/w parietal layers)

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9
Q

Sx and Tx of pneumothorax

A

Sx: diminished breath sounds, distended neck veins

Tx: needle decompression, allow air to escap

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10
Q

structure of right lung

A

3 lobes: superior, middle and inferior,
10 bronchopulmonary segments

oblique fissure divides inferior and superior, horizontal fissure divides superior and middle

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11
Q

left lung structure

A

superior lobe w/ lingula, inferior lobe and they are divided by oblique fissure

8 bronchopulmonary segments

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12
Q

components of bronchopulmonary segemtns

A

each gets its own tertiary branch of a pulm artery and bronchus, veins run b/w segments

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13
Q

source of bronchial arteries

A

from branches of aorta, run along with bronchi

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14
Q

bronchial veins drainage site

A

drain into azygos system

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15
Q

diff b/w pulmonary and bronchial arteries

A

pulm bring deoxy blood to alveoli, bronchial bring oxy blood to lung tissues

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16
Q

lymphatic drainage of the lungs

A

drain into tracheobronchial lymph nodes which send efferent vessels into bronchomediastinal trunks

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17
Q

autonomic innervation

A

pulmonary plexus has both SNS and PSNS, located at bifurcation of trachea

SNS dilates brochioles and PSNS constricts

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18
Q

differentiate azygos, hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos

A

azygos: right side, receives blood from right intercostals and empties into SVC

Hemiazygos: left side, lower 4 intercostals

accessory hemiazygos: middle left 4 posterior intercostals

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19
Q

location and fn of thoracic duct

A

located b/w aorta and azygos vein, begins in abdomen and empties lymph from RLQ, LLQ, LUQ in junction of left internal jugular and subclavian veins

RUQ drains right lymphatic duct

20
Q

location and fn of splanchnic nerves

A

sympathetic nerves from throax to abdomen, innervate organs in this region

21
Q

3 different layers of deep cervical fascia, why they are useful

A

investing layer: outer layer around deeper structures

prevertebral layer: around vertebral column and associate muscles

pretracheal layer: around thyroid, trachea, esophagus

can determine spread of infection

22
Q

carotid sheath

A

tubular fascial sheath with fascia from other layers, contains common carotid, IJV, and vagus nerve

23
Q

large veins in order as they empty into the heart

A

on both sides, internal jugular veins means subclavians to form brachiocephalic, then empty into SVC

24
Q

venous angle

A

juntion of IJV and subclavian vein, location where many lymphatic vessels join circulation (thoracic duct in left venous angle)

25
Q

major branches from aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic trunk on the right (gives rise to right common carotid and right subclavian), left subclavian, left common carotid

26
Q

first branch of the external carotid

A

superior thyroid artery

27
Q

receptors at the carotid bifurcation

A

carotid body: chemoreceptor monitoring O2 levels

carotid sinus: dilation near base of internal carotid that acts as baroreceptor

28
Q

innervation of carotid receptors

A

glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

29
Q

3 parts of subclavian artery

A

1st is medial to anterior scalene, 2nd is posterior, 3rd is lateral to the muscle- after this is is the axillary artery

30
Q

4 main branches of subclavian artery

A

VITamin C:

vertebral artery, Internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical

31
Q

vertebral artery

A

ascends w/i transverse foramina to supply brain and spinal cord

32
Q

main branch of thyrocervical trunk

A

inferior thyroid artery

33
Q

development of thyroid gland

A

forms at base of tongue and descends thru thyroglossal duct in the neck

34
Q

structure of thyroid

A

two lobes connected by isthmus, can sometimes have pyramidal lobe as superior projection

35
Q

blood supply of thyroid

A

superior thyroid from external carotid, inferior thyroid from thyrocervical trunk off of subclavian

in some ppl thyroid ima artery from brachiocephalic trunk

36
Q

blood supply of parathyroids

A

inferior thyroid arteries (branch of thyocervial trunk, itself a branch of the subclavian)

37
Q

what else to find near anterior scalene

A

brachial plexus and subclavian artery b/w anterior and middle scalene, subclavian vein is anterior to anterior scalene, phrenic nerve lies on the anterior surface of anterior scalene

38
Q

3 suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid, digastric muscle (anterior and posterior bellies), stylohyoid

39
Q

4 infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid

names based on first part=origin, second=attachment

40
Q

innervation of infrahyoid muscles

A

cervical plexus, specifically the ansa cervicalis

41
Q

cervical plexus

A

ventral rami of C1-4, motor branches form loop called ansa cervicalis

42
Q

sensory branches of the cervical plexus (4)

A

cutaneous nerves, exit the posterior border of the SCM at Erbs point

lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular

43
Q

anterior triangle

A

inferior border of mandible, neck midline, anterior SCM

44
Q

posterior triangle

A

posterior SCM, clavicle, anterior trapezius

45
Q

carotid triangle

A

bordered by the superior belly of omohyoid, anterior SCM, posterior belly of digastric

contains: carotid sheath (IJV, vagus, common carotid), ansa cervicalis, hypoglossal nerve

46
Q

contents of posterior triangle

A

spinal accessory nerve (trapezius and SCM), brachial plexus, anterior and middle scalene, phrenic nerve, EJV

47
Q

EJV clinical use

A

in right sided heart failure, blood is backed up in EJV and is visible on the neck, amount of distortion is proportional to extent of heart failure

Cardio (34 decks)

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