Neurosphysiology Section 4- Part 2 Part 2

Question 1

What has the following:
Origin: cerebral cortex, adjacent to the frontal lobe

Answer 1

Corticospinal tract

Question 2

What has the following:
Function: responsible for the most elaborate and dexterous voluntary movements

Answer 2

Corticospinal tract

Question 3

What has the following:
Characteristics: control over small number of alpha motor neurons

Answer 3

Corticospinal tract

Question 4

Where do the majority of pyramidal cells’ axons cross the midline at?

Answer 4

Pyramidal decussation

Question 5

Once the pyramidal cells axons cross the midline, what tract do they go to?

Answer 5

Lateral corticospinal tract

Question 6

What tract is involved in skilled, manipulative, voluntary movements?

Answer 6

Lateral corticospinal tract

Question 7

Where is weakness seen when there are signs of damage to the lateral corticospinal tract rostral to the pyramidal decussation?

Answer 7

Contra lateral side of body

Question 8

When a small portion of the pyramidal axons DO NOT cross the midline and remain on the same side= what tract?

Answer 8

Ventral corticospinal tract

Question 9

What tract controls voluntary antigravity muscles?
Several axons of the ventral corticospinal tract cross the midline locally in the spinal cord?

Answer 9

Ventral corticospinal tract

Question 10

What represents the highest level of motor control hierarchy?

Answer 10

Motor cortices

Question 11

What motor cortices is rostral to the central sulcus and near the cruciate sulcus?

Answer 11

Primary

Question 12

What 2 motor cortex’s are in the frontal lobe?

Answer 12

Supplementary and premotor

Question 13

What motor cortex lies in the first convolution of the frontal lobes anterior to the central sulcus?

Answer 13

Primary motor cortex

Question 14

What is the topographical representations of the muscle areas of the body in the primary motor cortex?

Answer 14

Somatotopic map

Question 15

When animals have damaged corticospinal tract neurons, what reaction is slowed?

Answer 15

Proprioceptive positioning

Question 16

What 2 cortices give rise to axons that project to nuclei of descending brainstem motor pathways?

Answer 16

Supplementary and pre motor

Question 17

What cortex generates more complex patterns of movement greater than those generated in the primary motor cortex?

Answer 17

Premotor cortex

Question 18

What is the special class of neurons that becomes active when a person/an animal performs specific motor task or when they observe the same task performed by another?

Answer 18

Mirror neurons

Question 19

What neurons play an important role for understanding the actions of other people and for learning new skills by imitation?

Answer 19

Mirror neurons

Question 20

What type of contractions are elicited by stimulating the supplementary motor cortex?

Answer 20

Bilateral contractions

Question 21

What motor cortex works in concert with the premotor area?

Answer 21

Supplementary motor cortex

Question 22

What motor cortex helps with body wide attitudinal movements, fixation movements of body, positional movement of head and eyes?

Answer 22

Supplementary motor cortex

Question 23

What part of the brain receives input from the cerebral cortices and projects back to the premotor and supplementary motor cortices?

Answer 23

Basal ganglia

Question 24

What part of the brain helps select the appropriate movement pattern while suppressing less appropriate competing patterns?

Answer 24

Basal ganglia

Question 25

What does the:
Caudate nucleus and putamen
Globus pallidus
Substantia nigra
Subthalamic nucleus
Make up?

Answer 25

Basal ganglia