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Physiology Exam 2 > Neurophysiology Section 4- Part 1 > Flashcards

Neurophysiology Section 4- Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an involuntary, qualitatively unvarying response of the nervous system to astimulus?

A

Reflex

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2
Q

What are these the components of?
Receptor
Sensory neuron
One or more synapses in the CNS
Motor neuron
Target organ

A

Reflex arc

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3
Q

What is a reflex that is:
Knee jerk reflex or a pupillary light reflex

A

Segmental reflex

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4
Q

What type of reflex is this an example of?
Cutaneous trunci reflex?

A

Intersegmental reflex

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5
Q

What type of reflex is this an example of?
Vestibule spinal and Proprioceptive positioning reflex

A

Suprasegmental reflex

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6
Q

What type of reflex is:
Sensory neuron brings info to spinal cords- motor neuron then leaves spinal cord at the same segment- then goes to muscle

A

Segmental Reflex

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7
Q

What type of reflex is:
Stimulus- information travels to other segments of the spinal via a inter neuron and response goes out to muscles

A

Intersegmental reflex

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8
Q

What type of reflex is this:
A sensory neuron brings neuron to spinal cord- neuron leaves all segments and goes to upper sections of CNS- comes back to spinal cord- response goes to muscle

A

Suprasegmental reflex

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9
Q

Describe the 2 qualities of the patellar reflex?

A

Monosynaptic and Segmental

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10
Q

Describe the 2 characteristics of the withdraw reflex to a noxious stimulus

A

Polysynaptic and Segmental

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11
Q

Describe withdrawal reflex with Intersegmental transmission of impulses

A

Nociception

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12
Q

What receptors collect environmental signals and turn them into a cellular response?

A

Sensory

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13
Q

What is a neuron with a peripheral ending specialized for stimulus transduction?

A

Primary receptor

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14
Q

What type of receptor is the retinal photoreceptors?

A

Primary receptor

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15
Q

What receptor is a non-neuronal cell designed for stimulus transduction that affects an adjacent neuron?

A

Secondary receptor

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16
Q

What is respiratory epithelium or inner ear an example of?

A

Secondary receptor

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17
Q

What controls body movement by:
1- Assessing the effect of gravity on body muscles
2- Determining the initial position of the body parts to be moved
3- Detecting an discrepancy between the intended movement and the movement that actually occurs?

A

CNS

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18
Q

What are the two differentially located muscle receptors that provide the CNS with the ability to control body movement?

A

Muscle spindle
Golgi tendon organ

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19
Q

What receptor is located inside of the muscle and detects stretching?

A

Muscle spindle

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20
Q

What receptor is located in the tendon of the muscle and detects tension from contractions?

A

Golgi tendon organ

21
Q

What is arranged in parallel with the extrafusal muscle fibers and detects STRETCHING?

A

Muscle spindle

22
Q

What type of fibers make up muscle spindle?

A

Intrafusal fibers

23
Q

What is arranged in SERIES with extrafusual muscle fibers located in the tendon of muscles and detects muscle TENSION produced by a contraction?

A

Golgi tendon organ

24
Q

What are encapsulated muscle fibers (intrafusal fibers) with their own motor and sensory innervation?

A

Muscle spindles

25
Q

What type of fibers make up sensory fibers?

A

1a and 2 afferent fibers

26
Q

Where does type 1a sensory muscle spindle run?

A

From the end to the middle of muscle

27
Q

Where does type 2 sensory muscle spindle run?

A

In the peripheral section of the muscle

28
Q

What are the 2 types of motor muscle spindle fibers?

A

Y and alpha

29
Q

Where does the y motor neuron go?

A

Intrafusal fibers- above and below muscle

30
Q

Where does the alpha motor neuron go?

A

The same muscle AND to an antagonistic muscle

31
Q

Where are the three effects located from a spindle receptor activation?

A

Spinal cord

32
Q

What does an EPSP on the alpha motor neuron returning to the same muscle result in?

A

Muscle contraction

33
Q

IPSP in the alpha motor neuron of the antagonist muscle via an _________ __________

A

Inhibitory interneuron

34
Q

An EPSP on the y-motor neuron going to the intrafusal fibers causes what of the spindles polar regions?

A

Shortening

35
Q

What receptor has the following three effects on spinal cord:
1- EPSP on alpha motor
2- IPSP on alpha motor
3- EPSP on y-motor

A

Spindle receptor

36
Q

What assesses the steady-state length of the muscle, as well as the onset and velocity of stretch?

A

Muscle spindle

37
Q

What fires all the time when we are in the static phase?

A

Muscle spindle- lets brain know what we are doing

38
Q

During the dynamic (stretch) phase, what happens to the primary sensory 1a?

A

Fires at a higher frequency

39
Q

During the dynamic (stretch) phase, what happens to the secondary sensory 2?

A

WIll slowly increase frequency

40
Q

During a static phase when the muscle remains in a dynamic (stretch) phase, what happens to the primary sensory 1a and secondary sensory 2?

A

They both go back to a lower frequency

41
Q

Is primary sensory 1a or secondary type 2 faster at reacting?

A

Primary type 1a is faster

42
Q

What happens during a dynamic (shortening) phase for primary sensory 1a?

A

Stops sending action potentials

43
Q

What happens during a dynamic (shortening) phase for secondary sensory, type 2?

A

Sends slow action potentials

44
Q

What is classically an alfa motor neuron?

A

Lower motor neuron

45
Q

What motor neuron is where:
Cell body and dendrites are located in the CNS, axons extend out through peripheral nerves to skeletal muscles?

A

Lower

46
Q

What motor neuron is where:
Lies completely in the CNS and controls the lower motor neuron?

A

Upper

47
Q

What is:
-Paralysis
-Atrophy
-Loss of segmental and Intersegmental reflexes
-Changes in electrical activity of the muscle
All signs of?

A

Lower motor neuron disease

48
Q

What motor neuron is affected in this case:
Atrophy of the right side of the tongue due to a meningioma that affects the right hypoglossal nerve roots?

A

Lower motor neruon

49
Q

What is:
-Inappropriate movement
-No atrophy
-Exaggerated segmental reflexes
-Normal electromyogram
All signs of?

A

Upper motor neuron disease

Physiology Exam 2 (14 decks)

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