Neurophysiology Section 4- Part 1

Question 1

What is an involuntary, qualitatively unvarying response of the nervous system to astimulus?

Answer 1

Reflex

Question 2

What are these the components of?
Receptor
Sensory neuron
One or more synapses in the CNS
Motor neuron
Target organ

Answer 2

Reflex arc

Question 3

What is a reflex that is:
Knee jerk reflex or a pupillary light reflex

Answer 3

Segmental reflex

Question 4

What type of reflex is this an example of?
Cutaneous trunci reflex?

Answer 4

Intersegmental reflex

Question 5

What type of reflex is this an example of?
Vestibule spinal and Proprioceptive positioning reflex

Answer 5

Suprasegmental reflex

Question 6

What type of reflex is:
Sensory neuron brings info to spinal cords- motor neuron then leaves spinal cord at the same segment- then goes to muscle

Answer 6

Segmental Reflex

Question 7

What type of reflex is:
Stimulus- information travels to other segments of the spinal via a inter neuron and response goes out to muscles

Answer 7

Intersegmental reflex

Question 8

What type of reflex is this:
A sensory neuron brings neuron to spinal cord- neuron leaves all segments and goes to upper sections of CNS- comes back to spinal cord- response goes to muscle

Answer 8

Suprasegmental reflex

Question 9

Describe the 2 qualities of the patellar reflex?

Answer 9

Monosynaptic and Segmental

Question 10

Describe the 2 characteristics of the withdraw reflex to a noxious stimulus

Answer 10

Polysynaptic and Segmental

Question 11

Describe withdrawal reflex with Intersegmental transmission of impulses

Answer 11

Nociception

Question 12

What receptors collect environmental signals and turn them into a cellular response?

Answer 12

Sensory

Question 13

What is a neuron with a peripheral ending specialized for stimulus transduction?

Answer 13

Primary receptor

Question 14

What type of receptor is the retinal photoreceptors?

Answer 14

Primary receptor

Question 15

What receptor is a non-neuronal cell designed for stimulus transduction that affects an adjacent neuron?

Answer 15

Secondary receptor

Question 16

What is respiratory epithelium or inner ear an example of?

Answer 16

Secondary receptor

Question 17

What controls body movement by:
1- Assessing the effect of gravity on body muscles
2- Determining the initial position of the body parts to be moved
3- Detecting an discrepancy between the intended movement and the movement that actually occurs?

Answer 17

CNS

Question 18

What are the two differentially located muscle receptors that provide the CNS with the ability to control body movement?

Answer 18

Muscle spindle
Golgi tendon organ

Question 19

What receptor is located inside of the muscle and detects stretching?

Answer 19

Muscle spindle

Question 20

What receptor is located in the tendon of the muscle and detects tension from contractions?

Answer 20

Golgi tendon organ

Question 21

What is arranged in parallel with the extrafusal muscle fibers and detects STRETCHING?

Answer 21

Muscle spindle

Question 22

What type of fibers make up muscle spindle?

Answer 22

Intrafusal fibers

Question 23

What is arranged in SERIES with extrafusual muscle fibers located in the tendon of muscles and detects muscle TENSION produced by a contraction?

Answer 23

Golgi tendon organ

Question 24

What are encapsulated muscle fibers (intrafusal fibers) with their own motor and sensory innervation?

Answer 24

Muscle spindles

Question 25

What type of fibers make up sensory fibers?

Answer 25

1a and 2 afferent fibers

Question 26

Where does type 1a sensory muscle spindle run?

Answer 26

From the end to the middle of muscle

Question 27

Where does type 2 sensory muscle spindle run?

Answer 27

In the peripheral section of the muscle

Question 28

What are the 2 types of motor muscle spindle fibers?

Answer 28

Y and alpha

Question 29

Where does the y motor neuron go?

Answer 29

Intrafusal fibers- above and below muscle

Question 30

Where does the alpha motor neuron go?

Answer 30

The same muscle AND to an antagonistic muscle

Question 31

Where are the three effects located from a spindle receptor activation?

Answer 31

Spinal cord

Question 32

What does an EPSP on the alpha motor neuron returning to the same muscle result in?

Answer 32

Muscle contraction

Question 33

IPSP in the alpha motor neuron of the antagonist muscle via an _________ __________

Answer 33

Inhibitory interneuron

Question 34

An EPSP on the y-motor neuron going to the intrafusal fibers causes what of the spindles polar regions?

Answer 34

Shortening

Question 35

What receptor has the following three effects on spinal cord: 1- EPSP on alpha motor 2- IPSP on alpha motor 3- EPSP on y-motor

Answer 35

Spindle receptor

Question 36

What assesses the steady-state length of the muscle, as well as the onset and velocity of stretch?

Answer 36

Muscle spindle

Question 37

What fires all the time when we are in the static phase?

Answer 37

Muscle spindle- lets brain know what we are doing

Question 38

During the dynamic (stretch) phase, what happens to the primary sensory 1a?

Answer 38

Fires at a higher frequency

Question 39

During the dynamic (stretch) phase, what happens to the secondary sensory 2?

Answer 39

WIll slowly increase frequency

Question 40

During a static phase when the muscle remains in a dynamic (stretch) phase, what happens to the primary sensory 1a and secondary sensory 2?

Answer 40

They both go back to a lower frequency

Question 41

Is primary sensory 1a or secondary type 2 faster at reacting?

Answer 41

Primary type 1a is faster

Question 42

What happens during a dynamic (shortening) phase for primary sensory 1a?

Answer 42

Stops sending action potentials

Question 43

What happens during a dynamic (shortening) phase for secondary sensory, type 2?

Answer 43

Sends slow action potentials

Question 44

What is classically an alfa motor neuron?

Answer 44

Lower motor neuron

Question 45

What motor neuron is where: Cell body and dendrites are located in the CNS, axons extend out through peripheral nerves to skeletal muscles?

Answer 45

Lower

Question 46

What motor neuron is where: Lies completely in the CNS and controls the lower motor neuron?

Answer 46

Upper

Question 47

What is: -Paralysis -Atrophy -Loss of segmental and Intersegmental reflexes -Changes in electrical activity of the muscle All signs of?

Answer 47

Lower motor neuron disease

Question 48

What motor neuron is affected in this case: Atrophy of the right side of the tongue due to a meningioma that affects the right hypoglossal nerve roots?

Answer 48

Lower motor neruon

Question 49

What is: -Inappropriate movement -No atrophy -Exaggerated segmental reflexes -Normal electromyogram All signs of?

Answer 49

Upper motor neuron disease