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FMS > Neuroscience Week 6: Neuroradiology of vascular diseases > Flashcards

Neuroscience Week 6: Neuroradiology of vascular diseases Flashcards

1
Q

CT displays images in gray-scale from whit to black, based on?

A

Materials density

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2
Q

Ischemic infarctions often cause brain edema resulting in what on CT?

A

increased water density which appears hypodense

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3
Q

Acute intracranial hemorrhage often appears what on CT?

A

Hyperdense

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4
Q

Identify

A
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5
Q

Epidural hemorrhage radiology

4 listed

A
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6
Q

Epidural hemorrhage common etiology

A

associated with trauma and calvarial fractures

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7
Q

Subdural hemorrhage radiology

A
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8
Q

Epidural hemorrhage cross calvarial sutures?

A

No

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9
Q

Subdural hemorrhage cross calvarial sutures?

A

May cross calvarial sutures

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10
Q

Subdural hemorrhage cross falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli?

A

Does not cross the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

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11
Q

Does epidural Hemorrhage cross the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli?

A

May cross the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

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12
Q

Subdural hemorrhage common causes

A

associated with trauma: tearing of the bridging veins

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13
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage radiology

A
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14
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage common causes

A

associated with trauma and aneurysms

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15
Q

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid hemorrhage common locations

A

Most commonly Saccular and arise from/near the circle of Willis

  • ACOM, PCOM and MCA bifurcation
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16
Q

Aneurysm definition

A

abnormal dilation or outpouching

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17
Q

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid hemorrhage pattern: Supracellar cistern

A
  • IC
  • PCOM
  • ACOM
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18
Q

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid hemorrhage pattern: Sylvian fissure

A

MCA bifurcation

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19
Q

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid hemorrhage pattern: Prepontine cistern, cerebellopontine angle

A
  • PICA
  • Basilar tip
  • Vertebral
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20
Q

Identify

A

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

Identify

A

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

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22
Q

Identify

A

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

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23
Q

Identify

A
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24
Q

Identify

A
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25
Identify
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28
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage: Hypertensive
29
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage: Peripheral lobar
30
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage: Traumatic (blunt)
31
Identify
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage shearing injury
32
Stroke definition
"clinical" acute nervous system injury/focal neurologic deficit with abrupt onset
33
Infarct definition
Pathologic/Radiologic * Brain cell death attributable to ischemia based on neuropathological, neuroimaging and/or clinical evidence of permanent injury
34
Hemorrhagic infarct
popped vessel
35
Ischemic infarct
Blocked vessel
36
Venous infarct
blocked or popped vein
37
Transient ischemic attack
clinical diagnosis temporary blocked vessel/temporary neurologic deficit (\<1 hour)
38
Acute ischemia accounts for what % of all stroke?
~80%
39
Ischemic stroke scale
40
How is imaging helpful in stroke?
**CT**, MRI: Bleed or no bleed CT, MRI, cerebral perfusion imaging: How large is the infarction? is there salvageable brain? **CTA**, MRA, catheter angiogram: is there a large vessel occlusion
41
The primary goal for imaging in stroke is to?
* Rapidly identify and triage patients for appropriate therapeutic intervention * Time = brain * Imaging approach dependent on resources and expertise
42
Recent imaging clinical trials
Recent clinical trials * Endovascular thrombectomy in large vessel occlusions * Expanded time window for therapy (role for cerebral perfusion imaging)
43
How is CT of head helpful?
bleed or no bleed no large-volume infarction
44
No intracranial hemorrhage nor large volume infarction =
t-PA
45
How is CTA head and neck helpful?
* Cardiac embolus * Atheromatous plaque * Vascular injury * Aneurysm
46
Proximal accessible large vessel occlusion =
endovascular thrombectomy
47
Aneurysm treatment
Surgical clipping or endovascular coiling
48
Ischemic infarct by CT features 4 listed
49
Ischemic infarct by MRI features
50
Ischemic infarct evolution: Ages
* Hyperacute * Acute * Subacute * Chronic
51
Ischemic infarct evolution: CT features
Hyperdense artery sign is the earliest sign Parenchymal hypodensity as early as 1 hour, up to 6 hours * lentiform nucleus hypodensity * Insular ribbon sign Parenchymal swelling day 1-7 Volume loss and gliosis is the latest sign
52
Ischemic infarct evolution: MRI features
DWI: Bright from 0-14 days ADC: Dark from 0 hrs to 10 days, normalizes 10-14 days T2 Flair: bright from 2-6 hours up to 21 days Cortical laminar necrosis: T1 bright after 14 days, as early as 3-5 days Parenchymal enhancement: ~5-7 days to 8 months
53
Ischemic infarct evolution: Hemorrhagic transformation
2-5 days
54
Identify
Left MCA infarct, insular ribbon sign 18 hours later
55
Identify
Left MCA infarct, hyperdense MCA sign, carotid bulb thrombus
56
Identify
Global hypoxic ischemic injury
57
Identify
Herpes Encephalitis
58
Identify
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74
Homunculus
75
Identify motor strip
right finger tapping
76
Identify motor strip
77
Identify area
Broca's Area
78
Identify area & function
* Broca's Area * Naming objects
79
Identify Area & Function
* Wernicke's Area * Language comprehension
80
Where is the primary visual cortex?

FMS (34 decks)

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