FMS Week 9: Pathology of Acute Inflammation

Question 1

Typical inflammatory Reaction develops through a series of 5 sequential steps

5 Steps

Answer 1

Question 2

Features of Acute Inflammation

Answer 2

Question 3

Features of Chronic Inflammation

Answer 3

Question 4

Clinical Scenario 1

Question 5

Pathologic Features of Acute Appendicitis

3 Listed

Answer 5

• Swollen and erythematous appendix
• Adhesions with appendix curling and attaches to itself and to the cecum
• perforation of appendix wall secondary to mural necrosis is not uncommon if untreated

Question 6

Acute Appendicitis is common in _________ and requires _________.

Answer 6

Children and requires emergency abdominal surgery

Question 7

Acute Appendicitis is caused by?

&

Composed of?

5 Listed

Answer 7

Non-specific obstruction of the appendiceal lumen

Typically

• fecal material
• undigested food
• foreign material
• enlarged lymphoid follicle
• tumor

Question 8

Acute Appendicitis obstruction results in?

4 Listed

Answer 8

• Intraluminal bacterial overgrowth
• bacterial invasion of the wall
• inflammation ischemia
• eventually leads to perforation

Question 9

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 9

Normal appendix

Question 10

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 10

Normal Appendix

Question 11

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 11

Normal Appendix

Question 12

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 12

Acute Appendicitis

Question 13

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 13

Acute Appendicitis

These are neutrophils, with a bunch of red blood cells, fluid has replaced columnar epithelium, this is basically called pus

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Effects at the Tissue Level of Acute Inflammation

7 Listed

Answer 15

*neutrophil emigration

Question 16

Clinical Scenario 2

Answer 16

Question 17

Acute Cholecystitis pain typically felt?

Answer 17

Right Abdomen upper quadrant

Question 18

Acute Appendicitis pain usually felt?

Answer 18

Right abdomen lower quadrant

Question 19

Acute Cholecystitis Presentation

Answer 19

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Pain in the right upper quadrant of abdomen

Question 20

Acute Cholecystitis is usually caused by?

Answer 20

90% of acute Cholecystitis is associated with gallstones

Question 21

Acute Cholecystitis Histopathology

5 Listed

Answer 21

The gallbladder is usually enlarged and the wall is thickened by edema, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, or it may appear necrotic

Question 22

Precipitating event of Acute Cholecystitis

Answer 22

occlusion of the neck of the gallbladder or cystic duct

Question 23

Occlusion of the neck of the gallbladder or cystic duct causes?

Answer 23

Increased intraluminal pressure causes dilation of the gallbladder and mural edema

Question 24

Acute Cholecystitis and Infection

Answer 24

Infection is considered secondary and does not contribute to the onset of Acute Cholecystitis

Question 25

Bile pigment looks

Answer 25

brownish tinge

Question 26

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 26

Normal Gallbladder simple columnar epithelium

Question 27

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 27

Normal Gallbladder

Question 28

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 28

Acute Cholecystitis Neutrophilic infiltration of the epithelium thickened red epithelium wall gallstones were present as well not in this photo

Question 29

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 29

Acute Cholecystitis

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Neutrophils kill by? 2 Listed

Answer 31

* ROS * Granule contents

Question 32

Neutrophils are attracted to tissue by? 3 listed

Answer 32

Chemotactic factors such as * Complement, * IL-8, * Clotting proteins

Question 33

Cell type?

Answer 33

Neutrophil

Question 34

Cell Type?

Answer 34

Macrophage

Question 35

Macrophages produce & Secrete? 4 Listed

Answer 35

* IL-6 * TNF-α * IL-1 * Growth factors that aid in repair

Question 36

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 36

Normal Stomach Epithelium

Question 37

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 37

Normal Stomach Epithelium

Question 38

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 38

Active Gastritis

Question 39

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 39

Active Gastritis typically don't find goblet cells in the stomach gastric metaplasia closer look have neutrophil infiltration acute inflammation tons of inflammatory cells

Question 40

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 40

Presence of H. pylori in active gastritis

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

Chemotaxis function

Answer 42

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Active Gastritis pain is usually?

Answer 44

Burning pain in the middle and upper stomach

Question 45

Active Gastritis Presentations

Answer 45

* Nausea * Vomiting (Dark blood) * burning pain in the middle upper stomach

Question 46

Active Gastritis Precipitating Event

Answer 46

Gastric ulcer defined by the loss of mucosa (including muscularis mucosae) due to inflammation

Question 47

Active Gastritis and H. pylori

Answer 47

90% of gastric ulcers in patients who are not NSAID users

Question 48

Active Gastritis: The term Active

Answer 48

used to indicate that there is a sustained release of inflammatory mediators and presumably is the cause for Active Gastritis

Question 49

Answer 49

Question 50

TSS Presentations 3 Listed

Answer 50

* confusion * breathing hard * hypotensive

Question 51

TSS Associated with what pathogen?

Answer 51

S. aureus

Question 52

TSS Pathogenic mechanism

Answer 52

Toxin production shown in clinical manifestations of shock, erythroderma, multi organ failure

Question 53

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 53

Normal Fallopian Tube

Question 54

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 54

Normal Fallopian Tube

Question 55

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 55

TSS or Acute Salpingitis

Question 56

Tissue/Pathology?

Answer 56

TSS or Acute Salpingitis

Question 57

Answer 57

Question 58

Local and Systemic inflammation and mediator involvement

Answer 58

Question 59

Acute Inflammatory response terminates with?

Answer 59

Removal of offending agents and dead tissue

Question 60

Outcomes of Acute Inflammation

Answer 60