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FMS > FMS Week 9: Pathology of Acute Inflammation > Flashcards

FMS Week 9: Pathology of Acute Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Typical inflammatory Reaction develops through a series of 5 sequential steps

5 Steps

A
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2
Q

Features of Acute Inflammation

A
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3
Q

Features of Chronic Inflammation

A
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4
Q

Clinical Scenario 1

A
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5
Q

Pathologic Features of Acute Appendicitis

3 Listed

A
  • Swollen and erythematous appendix
  • Adhesions with appendix curling and attaches to itself and to the cecum
  • perforation of appendix wall secondary to mural necrosis is not uncommon if untreated
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6
Q

Acute Appendicitis is common in _________ and requires _________.

A

Children and requires emergency abdominal surgery

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7
Q

Acute Appendicitis is caused by?

&

Composed of?

5 Listed

A

Non-specific obstruction of the appendiceal lumen

Typically

  • fecal material
  • undigested food
  • foreign material
  • enlarged lymphoid follicle
  • tumor
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8
Q

Acute Appendicitis obstruction results in?

4 Listed

A
  • Intraluminal bacterial overgrowth
  • bacterial invasion of the wall
  • inflammation ischemia
  • eventually leads to perforation
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9
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Normal appendix

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10
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Normal Appendix

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11
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Normal Appendix

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12
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Acute Appendicitis

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13
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Acute Appendicitis

These are neutrophils, with a bunch of red blood cells, fluid has replaced columnar epithelium, this is basically called pus

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Effects at the Tissue Level of Acute Inflammation

7 Listed

A

*neutrophil emigration

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16
Q

Clinical Scenario 2

A
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17
Q

Acute Cholecystitis pain typically felt?

A

Right Abdomen upper quadrant

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18
Q

Acute Appendicitis pain usually felt?

A

Right abdomen lower quadrant

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19
Q

Acute Cholecystitis Presentation

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Pain in the right upper quadrant of abdomen
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20
Q

Acute Cholecystitis is usually caused by?

A

90% of acute Cholecystitis is associated with gallstones

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21
Q

Acute Cholecystitis Histopathology

5 Listed

A

The gallbladder is usually enlarged and the wall is thickened by edema, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, or it may appear necrotic

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22
Q

Precipitating event of Acute Cholecystitis

A

occlusion of the neck of the gallbladder or cystic duct

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23
Q

Occlusion of the neck of the gallbladder or cystic duct causes?

A

Increased intraluminal pressure causes dilation of the gallbladder and mural edema

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24
Q

Acute Cholecystitis and Infection

A

Infection is considered secondary and does not contribute to the onset of Acute Cholecystitis

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25
Q

Bile pigment looks

A

brownish tinge

26
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Normal Gallbladder

simple columnar epithelium

27
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Normal Gallbladder

28
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Acute Cholecystitis

Neutrophilic infiltration of the epithelium

thickened red epithelium wall

gallstones were present as well not in this photo

29
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Acute Cholecystitis

30
Q
A
31
Q

Neutrophils kill by?

2 Listed

A
  • ROS
  • Granule contents
32
Q

Neutrophils are attracted to tissue by?

3 listed

A

Chemotactic factors such as

  • Complement,
  • IL-8,
  • Clotting proteins
33
Q

Cell type?

A

Neutrophil

34
Q

Cell Type?

A

Macrophage

35
Q

Macrophages produce & Secrete?

4 Listed

A
  • IL-6
  • TNF-α
  • IL-1
  • Growth factors that aid in repair
36
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Normal Stomach Epithelium

37
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Normal Stomach Epithelium

38
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Active Gastritis

39
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Active Gastritis

typically don’t find goblet cells in the stomach

gastric metaplasia

closer look

have neutrophil infiltration

acute inflammation

tons of inflammatory cells

40
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Presence of H. pylori in active gastritis

41
Q
A
42
Q

Chemotaxis function

A
43
Q
A
44
Q

Active Gastritis pain is usually?

A

Burning pain in the middle and upper stomach

45
Q

Active Gastritis Presentations

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting (Dark blood)
  • burning pain in the middle upper stomach
46
Q

Active Gastritis Precipitating Event

A

Gastric ulcer defined by the loss of mucosa (including muscularis mucosae) due to inflammation

47
Q

Active Gastritis and H. pylori

A

90% of gastric ulcers in patients who are not NSAID users

48
Q

Active Gastritis: The term Active

A

used to indicate that there is a sustained release of inflammatory mediators and presumably is the cause for Active Gastritis

49
Q
A
50
Q

TSS Presentations

3 Listed

A
  • confusion
  • breathing hard
  • hypotensive
51
Q

TSS Associated with what pathogen?

A

S. aureus

52
Q

TSS Pathogenic mechanism

A

Toxin production shown in clinical manifestations of shock, erythroderma, multi organ failure

53
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Normal Fallopian Tube

54
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

Normal Fallopian Tube

55
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

TSS or Acute Salpingitis

56
Q

Tissue/Pathology?

A

TSS or Acute Salpingitis

57
Q
A
58
Q

Local and Systemic inflammation and mediator involvement

A
59
Q

Acute Inflammatory response terminates with?

A

Removal of offending agents and dead tissue

60
Q

Outcomes of Acute Inflammation

A

FMS (34 decks)

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