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Pharmacology > Neuropharmacology > Flashcards

Neuropharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Sedative/hypnotic which increases DURATION of GABA receptor opening

A

BARBiturates

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2
Q

Major inhibitory NTs

A

GABA, Glycine

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3
Q

Major excitatory NTs

A

Glutamic acid, aspartic acid

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4
Q

Short-acting benzodiazepine

A

Midazolam

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5
Q

Intermediate-acting benzodiazepine

A

Lorazepam

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6
Q

Long-acting benzodiazepine

A

Diazepam

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7
Q

Abnormal sleep pattern caused by benzodiazepines

A

Dec REM sleep

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8
Q

Longest-acting benzodiazepine; used in alcohol withdrawal syndrome

A

Chlordiazepoxide

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9
Q

Date-rape drugs

A

Alcohol
Flunitrazepam
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate

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10
Q

Maintanance benzodiazepine anticonvulsant

A

Clonazepam

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11
Q

Benzodiazepine for status epilepticus

A

Lorazepam, diazepam

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12
Q

Antidote for benzodiazepine overdose

A

Flumazenil

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13
Q

Short-acting barbiturate

A

Thiopental

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14
Q

Short to intermediate-acting barbiturate

A

Pentobarbital

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15
Q

Long-acting barbiturate

A

Phenobarbital

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16
Q

Enzyme deficient in porphyria

A

HMB synthase

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17
Q

New hypnotic used for insomnia only

A

Zolpidem

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18
Q

Anxiolytic drug for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

Buspirone

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19
Q

Fixed capacity for ethanol metabolism

A

7-10 g/h

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20
Q

Responsible for ethanol metab >100 mg/dL

A

Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)

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21
Q

Blood alcohol concentration for legally drunk (Phils)

A

60 mg/dL

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22
Q

Cardioprotective level of alcohol

A

10-15 mg/dL

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23
Q

Ataxia, confusion, paralysis of extraocular muscles

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

weird ACO

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24
Q

Hemorrhagic necrosis of mamillary bodies

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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25
Q

Most common manifestation of fetal alcohol syndrome

A

mental retardation

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26
Q

Most common etiologic agent of pneumonia in alcoholics

A

Klebsiella

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27
Q

Prophylaxis for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

Vitamin B complex (contains Thiamine)

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28
Q

Presents with hallucinations, autonomic instability, delirium 48 hours post-discontinuation of alcohol

A

Delirium tremens

HAD 48

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29
Q

Opioid receptor antagonist for alcoholism

A

Naltrexone

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30
Q

NMDA receptor antagonist

A

Acamprosate

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31
Q

Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor

A

Disulfiram

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32
Q

Drugs that cause disulfiram-like reaction

Clara took the Pre-Medical Test in the PM

A

Chlorpropamide
CefoPerazone, CefoMandole, CefoTetan
Procarbazine
Metronidazole

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33
Q

Causes accumulation of formaldehyde; its metabolites are toxic to the retina

A

Methanol

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34
Q

2 treatment for methanol poisoning

A

Ethanol & Fomepizole

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35
Q

Present in anti-freeze; causes high anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

Ethylene glycol

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36
Q

2 treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning

A

ethanol and fomepizole

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37
Q

Ethanol and fomepizole inhibits which enzyme

A

alcohol dehydrogenase

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38
Q

Type of seizure involving muscle rigidity (

A

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure

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39
Q

Seizure where consciousness is preserved

A

Simple partial seizure

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40
Q

Seizure that ceases by 20 y/o; causes automatisms, loss of postural tone or enuresis

A

Absence seizure

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41
Q

Sudden, brief, shock-like seizures

A

Myoclonic seizure

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42
Q

Series of seizures >30 mins without recovery of consciousness

A

Status epilepticus

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43
Q

Antiseizure that blocks voltage-gated Na channels; causes gingival hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin

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44
Q

Syndrome characterized by long upper lip with thin vermillion border and lower distal hypoplasia

A

Fetal hydantoin syndrome

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45
Q

TCA that causes lower levels of phenytoin; can cause SJS; DOC for trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

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46
Q

Anticonvulsant causing spina bifida; used for manic episodes in bipolar d/o

A

Valproic acid

ValproATE ATE the folATE

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47
Q

Preferred anticonvulsant for children & preggies; can cause acute intermittent porphyria

A

Phenobarbital

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48
Q

DOC for absence seizure; dec Ca currents in thalamus

A

Ethosuximide

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49
Q

DOC for status epilepticus; acts on GABA receptor only

A

Diazepam

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50
Q

Benzodiazepam used for infantile spasm

A

Clonazepam

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51
Q

Anticonvulsant used for neuropathic pain (allodynia)

A

Gabapentin

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52
Q

Most notorious drug causing SJS

A

Lamotrigine

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53
Q

Anticonvulsant that binds to synaptic vesicular protein SV2A

A

Levetiracetam

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54
Q

Anticonvulsant with multiple actions on synaptic function; used in Lenox-Gastaut syndrome and West syndrome

A

Topiramate

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55
Q

Least cardiotoxic inhalational anesthetic

A

Nitrous oxide

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56
Q

Inhalational anesthetic contraindicated in patients with asthma and COPD; has pungent odor

A

Desflurane

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57
Q

Sweet-smelling anesthetic that produces compound A causing necrosis of PCT

A

Sevoflurane

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58
Q

Inhalational anesthetic causing coronary steal syndrome

A

Isoflurane

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59
Q

GA causing lower seizure threshold and renal insufficiency

A

Enflurane

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60
Q

GA causing malignant hyperthermia

A

Halothane

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61
Q

Antidote for malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

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62
Q

GA with highest potency and lowest MAC; causes renal toxicity due to increase FLUoride

A

MethoxyFLUrane

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63
Q

Ultrashort-acting barbiturate used as IV anesthetic to move past stage 2 of anesthesia

A

Thiopental

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64
Q

Short-acting benzodiazepine used as IV anesthetic

A

Midazolam

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65
Q

Antidote for midazolam toxicity

A

Flumazenil

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66
Q

GA used for dissociative anesthesia used in deep brain stimulation

A

Ketamine

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67
Q

GA causing adrenocortical suppression

A

Etomidate

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68
Q

Opioid analgesic that causes neuroleptanesthesia (used in DBS)

A

Fentanyl

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69
Q

Milk of amnesia; mixed with lipid emulsion

A

Propofol

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70
Q

What type of local anesthetic do tetracaine, procaine and benzocaine belong?

A

Ester

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71
Q

What type of LA do bupivacaine, ropivacaine and lidocaine belong?

A

Amide

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72
Q

Shortest half-life among LAs

A

Procaine

73
Q

Longest half-life among LAs

A

Ropivacaine

74
Q

MOA of local anesthetics

A

block voltage-dependent Na channels

75
Q

The more myelinated, the ________ the LAs will effect

A

longer

76
Q

2 major toxic effects of LAs

A

Seizures and arrhythmias

77
Q

Ester LA for topical use only due to high incidence of allergies; shortest half-life

A

Procaine

78
Q

Ester LA inhibiting gag reflex

A

Benzocaine

79
Q

Ester LA causing vasoconstriction that leads to MI

A

Cocaine

80
Q

Ester LA 10x more potent and toxic than procaine

A

Tetracaine

81
Q

Common amide LA used to treat PVCs in ECG

A

Lidocaine

82
Q

Toxic dose of Lidocaine

A

5 mg/kg

83
Q

Amide LA that is used as dental anesthesia and can cause methemoglobinemia

A

Prilocaine

84
Q

Treatment for Methemoglobinemia

A

Methylene blue

85
Q

Most cardiotoxic amide LA; causes idioventricular rhythm

A

Bupivacaine

86
Q

Amide LA less cardiotoxic than bupivacaine

A

Ropivacaine

87
Q

MOA: competitive antagonists at SKELETAL muscle nicotinic Ach receptors

A

Nondepolarizing blockers

tubocurarine and mivacurium

88
Q

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker which metabolites will cause paralysis by recurarization

A

tuboCURArine

89
Q

The only 2 drugs metabolized by pseudocholinesterase

A

Mivacurium and succinylcholine

90
Q

The antidote for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers is

A

Neostigmine

91
Q

NMB which undergoes Hoffman elimination

A

Atracurium

92
Q

Product of Hoffman elimination that lowers threshold in neurons causing seizures

A

laudanosine

93
Q

NMB that is eliminated in the bile

A

Vecuronium

94
Q

Novel reversal drug for rocuronium

A

Suggamadex

95
Q

Long-acting NMB used for strychnine poisoning and lethal injection

A

Pancuronium

96
Q

Drugs used in lethal injection

A

Thiopental 5g
Pancuronium 100mg
Potassium chloride 100mEq

97
Q

The only depolarizing NMB

A

Succinylcholine

98
Q

What drugs when used in combination produces malignant hyperthermia?

A

Succinylcholine + Halothane

99
Q

Treatment for malignant hyperthermia

A

Rapid cooling and Dantrolene

100
Q

Neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinsonism

101
Q

Tremor
Rigidity (cogwheel rigidity)
Akinesia
Postural instability

A

Parkinson disease

It’s a TRAP

102
Q

Neurotransmitter decreased in Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Acetylcholine
(Alzheimer’s Disease = Acetylcholine Down;
Parkinson’s Disease = doPAmine Down)

103
Q

Antiparkinsonism drug contraindicated in patients with history of psychosis

A

Levodopa-carbidopa

Schizo: inc in Dopa

104
Q

Parkinsonian phenomena with alternating periods of improved mobility and akinesia

A

On-off phenomena

105
Q

Parkinsonian phenomena occurring on deterioration of drug effect in between medication

A

Wearing-off phenomena

106
Q

Drug component that block DOPA decarboxylase to prevent peripheral conversion of L-dopa

A

Carbidopa

107
Q

Antiparkinsonism drug (dopamine agonist) that causes erythromelalgia

A

Bromocriptine

108
Q

Antiparkinsonism drugs (BALSA)

A 
Bromocriptine
Amantadine
L-dopa
Selegiline
Anticholinergics
109
Q

Dopamine agonist that causes compulsive gambling, overeating and uncontrollable tendency to fall asleep; CI in PUD patients

A

Pramipexole

110
Q

Dopamine agonist that shortens off-periods of PD; causes severe nausea (premedicated by trimethobenzamide)

A

Apomorphine

111
Q

MAO-B inhibitor when combined with tyramine causes HPN crisis

A

Selegiline

112
Q

MAO-B breaks down Dopa. What does MAO-A break down?

A

Epi & NE

113
Q

COMT inhibitor that causes orange urine & neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

Entacapone

114
Q

Antiparkinsonism that is also an antiviral drug; causes livido reticularis

A

Amantadine

115
Q

What drugs can cause livedo reticularis?

A man reads FHM and GQ

A 
AMANtadine (antiviral)
Hydroxyurea (gout, CML)
Minocycline (tetracycline)
Gemcitabine (breast/pancreatic CA)
Quinidine (antiarrhythmic)
116
Q

Antiparkinsonism drug that is an anticholinergic causing tardive dyskinesia

A

BENZtropine

117
Q

Type of antipsychotics that block D2 receptors > 5-HT2 receptors

A

Typical antipsychotics (1st gen)

118
Q

Type of antipsychotics that block 5-HT2 receptors > D2 receptors

A

Atypical antipsychotics (2nd gen)

119
Q

Phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, thioridazine, fluphenazine)
Thioxanthenes (thiothixene)
Butyrophenones (haloperidol)

A

Typical antipsychotics

120
Q

Heterocyclics (clozaPINE, loxaPINE, olanzaPINE, risperiDONE, quetaPINE, ziprasiDONE, ariprazole)

A

Atypical antipsychotics

121
Q

Dopamine hypothesis: schizo is cause by relative _______ of dopamine in specific neuronal tracts in the brain

A

excess

122
Q

Dopamine receptor in N_____ a______ is responsible for addiction

A

Nucleus accumbens

123
Q

3 Dopaminergic tracts implicated in schizophrenia:
Meso______-meso______
Nigro______
Tubero_______

A

Mesocortical-mesolimbic
Nigrostriatal
Tuberoinfundibular

124
Q

Typical antipsycotic causing corneal and lens deposits

A

Chlorpromazine

CHLORneal deposits

125
Q

Only antipsychotic with fatal overdose; causes reTinal deposits

A

Thioridazine

126
Q

Least sedating among typical antipsychotics; used to calm acute attacks of psychosis; also used for Huntington’s & Tourette’s syndrome

A

Haloperidol

HOLD-ol

127
Q

Only antipsychotic that reduces the risk of suicide; requires serial monitoring of ANC (N: 1500-8000) due to agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine

Watch CLOZly for agranulocytosis

128
Q

Atypical antipsychotic that causes weight gain

A

Olanzapine

Obese olanzapine

129
Q

Atypical antipsychotic that causes somnolence & priapism

A

Quetiapine

130
Q

Only antipsychotic approved for shizophrenia in the youth; causes marked hyperprolactinemia; less sedating

A

Risperidone

RISe & shine

131
Q

Atypical antipsychotic that causes QT prolongation & torsades (cardiotoxic)

A

Ziprasidone

132
Q

Maintenance atypical antipsychotic not used in acute attacks

A

Aripiprazole

133
Q

Features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

FEVER

A 
Fever
Encephalopathy
Vitals unstable
Elevated CPK
Rigidity
134
Q

S/Sx of Bipolar d/o (confirms dx with any 3 of the ff)

DIGFAST

A 
Distractibility
Irresponsibility
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Agitation
Sleep
Talkativeness
135
Q

S/Sx of MDD (Dx confirmed if with any 5 of the ff)

SIGECAPS

A 
Sleep
Interest dec
Guilt/ worthlessness
Energy dec
Concentration
Appetite
Psychomotor retardation/agitation
Suicide
136
Q

IMIpramine, aMItriptyline

A

TCA

MI sad 3x

137
Q

Fluoxetine, escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline

A

SSRIs

The SER had FLU with the PARrOt on the ESCalator

138
Q

Duloxetine, Venlafaxine

A

SNRI

Nasa DULO si VENcy

139
Q

Nefozodone, Trazodone

A

Serotonin receptor ANTAGONIST

DONE na ako kay NEF at TRAZ

140
Q

Amoxapine, Bupropion, Maprotiline, Mirtrazapine

A

Heterocyclic antidepressant

Si MaMi ay uminom ng AMOX at iBUfropen

141
Q

Phenelzine, tranylcypromine, selegiline

A

MAOI

May PHEN at TRANS si GILINE

142
Q

Lithium Side effects

LMNOP

A 
Lithium SE:
Movement (tremor)
Nephrotoxic
hypOthyroidism
Pregnancy problems
143
Q

Common SE of imipramine

A

Enuresis

I’m peeing-ramine

144
Q

TCA overdose can cause ______QRS duration

A

Prolonged

145
Q

3Cs of TCA toxicity

A

Coma
Convulsions
Cardiotoxicity
(CoCa Cola)

146
Q

Antidote for TCA overdose

A

Bicarbonates

a Bi-CAR can always beat a TRICYCLE

147
Q

SSRI that causes erectile dysfunction

A

Fluoxetine

148
Q

Drugs that cause erectile dysfunction

A SORE PEnis can’t Fuck Hard

A 
SSRIs
Opiates
Risperidone
Ethanol
Propanolol
Estrogens
Spirinolactone
Finasteride
Hydrochlorothiazide
149
Q

Common SNRI used for MDD; cause HPN

A

Venlafaxine

150
Q

Sedative/hypnotic which increases FREQUENCY of GABA receptor openings

A

BENZodiazepines

151
Q

Drugs that cause priapism

Tigas Penis Co, AyaW bumaba

A 
Trazodone
Papaverine
Sildenafil
Quetiapine
Alprostadil
Warfarin
Bupropion
152
Q

TCA causing appetite stimulation

A

Mirtazapine

Mataba si maMI

153
Q

TCA used in smoking cessation

A

Bupropion

154
Q

MAOI causing HPN crisis with tyramine

A

Phenelzine

155
Q

Features of serotonin syndrome

FAT CHD

A 
Fever
Agitation
Tremor
Clonus
Hyperreflexia
Diaphoresis
156
Q

Opioid with the shortest half-life (3-4 mins)

A

Remifentanil

Maliit na bata si Remi, sounds like fentanyl

157
Q

Opioid with the longest half-life (4-8 hrs)

A

Buprenorphine

Sounds like morphine

158
Q

3 Opioid receptors

KDM sounds like ADM

A

Mu (Mabagal hUminga)
delTa (Tolerance)
Kappa (Konstipation)

159
Q

Opioid (full agonist) that causes increased ICP; exerts hemodynamic effect on pulmonary circulation

A

Morphine

160
Q

Opioid analgesic used for breakthrough cancer pain; may be given transdermally or via lollipop

A

Fentanyl

161
Q

Most potent opioid

A

Ohmefentanyl

OHpioid!!!

162
Q

Opioid used for spasmodic pain (biliary, renal colic), ideal for pancreatitis patient

A

Meperidine

163
Q

Opioid used for maintenance therapy for opioid dependence (less addiction liability); Investigated as treatment of leukemia

A

Methadone

164
Q

Opioid analgesic for chronic pain (partial agonist)

A

Hydrocodone (Vicodin)

165
Q

Opioid used for cough suppression; causes serotonin syndrome with SSRIs and MAOIs

A

Dextrometorphan

166
Q

Opioid analgesic used for mild to moderate pain; withdrawn due to fatal cardiotoxicity

A

Propoxyphene

Nag-PROPOse pero na-reject

167
Q

Opioid reducing craving in alcohol dependence

A

Buprenorphine

168
Q

Opioid analgesic (mixed agonist-antagonist) resistant to naloxone reversal

A

Nalbuphine

169
Q

Opioid antagonist reduces craving in alcohol dependence

A

Naloxone

170
Q

Dual-acting opioid analgesic for chronic pain (arthritis); SE: nausea, dizziness, seizures

A

Tramadol

171
Q

Opioid overdose triad

A

Pupillary constriction
Comatose state
Respiratory depression
(PCR)

172
Q

Dextromethampetamine, methampetamine

A

Amphetamines

173
Q

Treatment for amphetamine withdrawal (sleep death, apathy)

A

antidepressants (mirtrazapine) & acidify urine to inc elimination

174
Q

Congener of amphetamine causing profound hyponatremia; increases libido

A

MDMA/ Ecstasy

175
Q

Illicit drug causing hemorrhagic alveolitis

A

Hemorrhagic alveolitis

176
Q

Most dangerous hallucinogenic agent; causes psychomimetic behavior

A

Phencyclidine (PCP)

177
Q

Treatment for PCP/ angel dust/ special K

A 
Supportive (for HPN and seizures)
Parenteral benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam)
178
Q

Hallucinogenic causing panic reactions (bad trips)

A

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

179
Q

Marijuana intoxication

A

Red conjunctiva (Bloody Mary)

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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