Neuropharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
Sedative/hypnotic which increases DURATION of GABA receptor opening
A
BARBiturates
2
Q
Major inhibitory NTs
A
GABA, Glycine
3
Q
Major excitatory NTs
A
Glutamic acid, aspartic acid
4
Q
Short-acting benzodiazepine
A
Midazolam
5
Q
Intermediate-acting benzodiazepine
A
Lorazepam
6
Q
Long-acting benzodiazepine
A
Diazepam
7
Q
Abnormal sleep pattern caused by benzodiazepines
A
Dec REM sleep
8
Q
Longest-acting benzodiazepine; used in alcohol withdrawal syndrome
A
Chlordiazepoxide
9
Q
Date-rape drugs
A
Alcohol
Flunitrazepam
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate
10
Q
Maintanance benzodiazepine anticonvulsant
A
Clonazepam
11
Q
Benzodiazepine for status epilepticus
A
Lorazepam, diazepam
12
Q
Antidote for benzodiazepine overdose
A
Flumazenil
13
Q
Short-acting barbiturate
A
Thiopental
14
Q
Short to intermediate-acting barbiturate
A
Pentobarbital
15
Q
Long-acting barbiturate
A
Phenobarbital
16
Q
Enzyme deficient in porphyria
A
HMB synthase
17
Q
New hypnotic used for insomnia only
A
Zolpidem
18
Q
Anxiolytic drug for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
A
Buspirone
19
Q
Fixed capacity for ethanol metabolism
A
7-10 g/h
20
Q
Responsible for ethanol metab >100 mg/dL
A
Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)
21
Q
Blood alcohol concentration for legally drunk (Phils)
A
60 mg/dL
22
Q
Cardioprotective level of alcohol
A
10-15 mg/dL
23
Q
Ataxia, confusion, paralysis of extraocular muscles
A
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
weird ACO
24
Q
Hemorrhagic necrosis of mamillary bodies
A
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
25
Most common manifestation of fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
26
Most common etiologic agent of pneumonia in alcoholics
Klebsiella
27
Prophylaxis for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Vitamin B complex (contains Thiamine)
28
Presents with hallucinations, autonomic instability, delirium 48 hours post-discontinuation of alcohol
Delirium tremens
| HAD 48
29
Opioid receptor antagonist for alcoholism
Naltrexone
30
NMDA receptor antagonist
Acamprosate
31
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
Disulfiram
32
Drugs that cause disulfiram-like reaction
| Clara took the Pre-Medical Test in the PM
Chlorpropamide
CefoPerazone, CefoMandole, CefoTetan
Procarbazine
Metronidazole
33
Causes accumulation of formaldehyde; its metabolites are toxic to the retina
Methanol
34
2 treatment for methanol poisoning
Ethanol & Fomepizole
35
Present in anti-freeze; causes high anion gap metabolic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
36
2 treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning
ethanol and fomepizole
37
Ethanol and fomepizole inhibits which enzyme
alcohol dehydrogenase
38
Type of seizure involving muscle rigidity (
Generalized tonic-clonic seizure
39
Seizure where consciousness is preserved
Simple partial seizure
40
Seizure that ceases by 20 y/o; causes automatisms, loss of postural tone or enuresis
Absence seizure
41
Sudden, brief, shock-like seizures
Myoclonic seizure
42
Series of seizures >30 mins without recovery of consciousness
Status epilepticus
43
Antiseizure that blocks voltage-gated Na channels; causes gingival hyperplasia
Phenytoin
44
Syndrome characterized by long upper lip with thin vermillion border and lower distal hypoplasia
Fetal hydantoin syndrome
45
TCA that causes lower levels of phenytoin; can cause SJS; DOC for trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
46
Anticonvulsant causing spina bifida; used for manic episodes in bipolar d/o
Valproic acid
| ValproATE ATE the folATE
47
Preferred anticonvulsant for children & preggies; can cause acute intermittent porphyria
Phenobarbital
48
DOC for absence seizure; dec Ca currents in thalamus
Ethosuximide
49
DOC for status epilepticus; acts on GABA receptor only
Diazepam
50
Benzodiazepam used for infantile spasm
Clonazepam
51
Anticonvulsant used for neuropathic pain (allodynia)
Gabapentin
52
Most notorious drug causing SJS
Lamotrigine
53
Anticonvulsant that binds to synaptic vesicular protein SV2A
Levetiracetam
54
Anticonvulsant with multiple actions on synaptic function; used in Lenox-Gastaut syndrome and West syndrome
Topiramate
55
Least cardiotoxic inhalational anesthetic
Nitrous oxide
56
Inhalational anesthetic contraindicated in patients with asthma and COPD; has pungent odor
Desflurane
57
Sweet-smelling anesthetic that produces compound A causing necrosis of PCT
Sevoflurane
58
Inhalational anesthetic causing coronary steal syndrome
Isoflurane
59
GA causing lower seizure threshold and renal insufficiency
Enflurane
60
GA causing malignant hyperthermia
Halothane
61
Antidote for malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
62
GA with highest potency and lowest MAC; causes renal toxicity due to increase FLUoride
MethoxyFLUrane
63
Ultrashort-acting barbiturate used as IV anesthetic to move past stage 2 of anesthesia
Thiopental
64
Short-acting benzodiazepine used as IV anesthetic
Midazolam
65
Antidote for midazolam toxicity
Flumazenil
66
GA used for dissociative anesthesia used in deep brain stimulation
Ketamine
67
GA causing adrenocortical suppression
Etomidate
68
Opioid analgesic that causes neuroleptanesthesia (used in DBS)
Fentanyl
69
Milk of amnesia; mixed with lipid emulsion
Propofol
70
What type of local anesthetic do tetracaine, procaine and benzocaine belong?
Ester
71
What type of LA do bupivacaine, ropivacaine and lidocaine belong?
Amide
72
Shortest half-life among LAs
Procaine
73
Longest half-life among LAs
Ropivacaine
74
MOA of local anesthetics
block voltage-dependent Na channels
75
The more myelinated, the ________ the LAs will effect
longer
76
2 major toxic effects of LAs
Seizures and arrhythmias
77
Ester LA for topical use only due to high incidence of allergies; shortest half-life
Procaine
78
Ester LA inhibiting gag reflex
Benzocaine
79
Ester LA causing vasoconstriction that leads to MI
Cocaine
80
Ester LA 10x more potent and toxic than procaine
Tetracaine
81
Common amide LA used to treat PVCs in ECG
Lidocaine
82
Toxic dose of Lidocaine
5 mg/kg
83
Amide LA that is used as dental anesthesia and can cause methemoglobinemia
Prilocaine
84
Treatment for Methemoglobinemia
Methylene blue
85
Most cardiotoxic amide LA; causes idioventricular rhythm
Bupivacaine
86
Amide LA less cardiotoxic than bupivacaine
Ropivacaine
87
MOA: competitive antagonists at SKELETAL muscle nicotinic Ach receptors
Nondepolarizing blockers
| tubocurarine and mivacurium
88
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker which metabolites will cause paralysis by recurarization
tuboCURArine
89
The only 2 drugs metabolized by pseudocholinesterase
Mivacurium and succinylcholine
90
The antidote for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers is
Neostigmine
91
NMB which undergoes Hoffman elimination
Atracurium
92
Product of Hoffman elimination that lowers threshold in neurons causing seizures
laudanosine
93
NMB that is eliminated in the bile
Vecuronium
94
Novel reversal drug for rocuronium
Suggamadex
95
Long-acting NMB used for strychnine poisoning and lethal injection
Pancuronium
96
Drugs used in lethal injection
Thiopental 5g
Pancuronium 100mg
Potassium chloride 100mEq
97
The only depolarizing NMB
Succinylcholine
98
What drugs when used in combination produces malignant hyperthermia?
Succinylcholine + Halothane
99
Treatment for malignant hyperthermia
Rapid cooling and Dantrolene
100
Neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinsonism
101
Tremor
Rigidity (cogwheel rigidity)
Akinesia
Postural instability
Parkinson disease
| It's a TRAP
102
Neurotransmitter decreased in Alzheimer's Disease
Acetylcholine
(Alzheimer's Disease = Acetylcholine Down;
Parkinson's Disease = doPAmine Down)
103
Antiparkinsonism drug contraindicated in patients with history of psychosis
Levodopa-carbidopa
| Schizo: inc in Dopa
104
Parkinsonian phenomena with alternating periods of improved mobility and akinesia
On-off phenomena
105
Parkinsonian phenomena occurring on deterioration of drug effect in between medication
Wearing-off phenomena
106
Drug component that block DOPA decarboxylase to prevent peripheral conversion of L-dopa
Carbidopa
107
Antiparkinsonism drug (dopamine agonist) that causes erythromelalgia
Bromocriptine
108
Antiparkinsonism drugs (BALSA)
```
Bromocriptine
Amantadine
L-dopa
Selegiline
Anticholinergics
```
109
Dopamine agonist that causes compulsive gambling, overeating and uncontrollable tendency to fall asleep; CI in PUD patients
Pramipexole
110
Dopamine agonist that shortens off-periods of PD; causes severe nausea (premedicated by trimethobenzamide)
Apomorphine
111
MAO-B inhibitor when combined with tyramine causes HPN crisis
Selegiline
112
MAO-B breaks down Dopa. What does MAO-A break down?
Epi & NE
113
COMT inhibitor that causes orange urine & neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Entacapone
114
Antiparkinsonism that is also an antiviral drug; causes livido reticularis
Amantadine
115
What drugs can cause livedo reticularis?
| A man reads FHM and GQ
```
AMANtadine (antiviral)
Hydroxyurea (gout, CML)
Minocycline (tetracycline)
Gemcitabine (breast/pancreatic CA)
Quinidine (antiarrhythmic)
```
116
Antiparkinsonism drug that is an anticholinergic causing tardive dyskinesia
BENZtropine
117
Type of antipsychotics that block D2 receptors > 5-HT2 receptors
Typical antipsychotics (1st gen)
118
Type of antipsychotics that block 5-HT2 receptors > D2 receptors
Atypical antipsychotics (2nd gen)
119
Phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, thioridazine, fluphenazine)
Thioxanthenes (thiothixene)
Butyrophenones (haloperidol)
Typical antipsychotics
120
Heterocyclics (clozaPINE, loxaPINE, olanzaPINE, risperiDONE, quetaPINE, ziprasiDONE, ariprazole)
Atypical antipsychotics
121
Dopamine hypothesis: schizo is cause by relative _______ of dopamine in specific neuronal tracts in the brain
excess
122
Dopamine receptor in N_____ a______ is responsible for addiction
Nucleus accumbens
123
3 Dopaminergic tracts implicated in schizophrenia:
Meso______-meso______
Nigro______
Tubero_______
Mesocortical-mesolimbic
Nigrostriatal
Tuberoinfundibular
124
Typical antipsycotic causing corneal and lens deposits
Chlorpromazine
| CHLORneal deposits
125
Only antipsychotic with fatal overdose; causes reTinal deposits
Thioridazine
126
Least sedating among typical antipsychotics; used to calm acute attacks of psychosis; also used for Huntington's & Tourette's syndrome
Haloperidol
| HOLD-ol
127
Only antipsychotic that reduces the risk of suicide; requires serial monitoring of ANC (N: 1500-8000) due to agranulocytosis
Clozapine
| Watch CLOZly for agranulocytosis
128
Atypical antipsychotic that causes weight gain
Olanzapine
| Obese olanzapine
129
Atypical antipsychotic that causes somnolence & priapism
Quetiapine
130
Only antipsychotic approved for shizophrenia in the youth; causes marked hyperprolactinemia; less sedating
Risperidone
| RISe & shine
131
Atypical antipsychotic that causes QT prolongation & torsades (cardiotoxic)
Ziprasidone
132
Maintenance atypical antipsychotic not used in acute attacks
Aripiprazole
133
Features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
| FEVER
```
Fever
Encephalopathy
Vitals unstable
Elevated CPK
Rigidity
```
134
S/Sx of Bipolar d/o (confirms dx with any 3 of the ff)
| DIGFAST
```
Distractibility
Irresponsibility
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Agitation
Sleep
Talkativeness
```
135
S/Sx of MDD (Dx confirmed if with any 5 of the ff)
| SIGECAPS
```
Sleep
Interest dec
Guilt/ worthlessness
Energy dec
Concentration
Appetite
Psychomotor retardation/agitation
Suicide
```
136
IMIpramine, aMItriptyline
TCA
| MI sad 3x
137
Fluoxetine, escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline
SSRIs
| The SER had FLU with the PARrOt on the ESCalator
138
Duloxetine, Venlafaxine
SNRI
| Nasa DULO si VENcy
139
Nefozodone, Trazodone
Serotonin receptor ANTAGONIST
| DONE na ako kay NEF at TRAZ
140
Amoxapine, Bupropion, Maprotiline, Mirtrazapine
Heterocyclic antidepressant
| Si MaMi ay uminom ng AMOX at iBUfropen
141
Phenelzine, tranylcypromine, selegiline
MAOI
| May PHEN at TRANS si GILINE
142
Lithium Side effects
| LMNOP
```
Lithium SE:
Movement (tremor)
Nephrotoxic
hypOthyroidism
Pregnancy problems
```
143
Common SE of imipramine
Enuresis
| I'm peeing-ramine
144
TCA overdose can cause ______QRS duration
Prolonged
145
3Cs of TCA toxicity
Coma
Convulsions
Cardiotoxicity
(CoCa Cola)
146
Antidote for TCA overdose
Bicarbonates
| a Bi-CAR can always beat a TRICYCLE
147
SSRI that causes erectile dysfunction
Fluoxetine
148
Drugs that cause erectile dysfunction
| A SORE PEnis can't Fuck Hard
```
SSRIs
Opiates
Risperidone
Ethanol
Propanolol
Estrogens
Spirinolactone
Finasteride
Hydrochlorothiazide
```
149
Common SNRI used for MDD; cause HPN
Venlafaxine
150
Sedative/hypnotic which increases FREQUENCY of GABA receptor openings
BENZodiazepines
151
Drugs that cause priapism
| Tigas Penis Co, AyaW bumaba
```
Trazodone
Papaverine
Sildenafil
Quetiapine
Alprostadil
Warfarin
Bupropion
```
152
TCA causing appetite stimulation
Mirtazapine
| Mataba si maMI
153
TCA used in smoking cessation
Bupropion
154
MAOI causing HPN crisis with tyramine
Phenelzine
155
Features of serotonin syndrome
| FAT CHD
```
Fever
Agitation
Tremor
Clonus
Hyperreflexia
Diaphoresis
```
156
Opioid with the shortest half-life (3-4 mins)
Remifentanil
| Maliit na bata si Remi, sounds like fentanyl
157
Opioid with the longest half-life (4-8 hrs)
Buprenorphine
| Sounds like morphine
158
3 Opioid receptors
| KDM sounds like ADM
Mu (Mabagal hUminga)
delTa (Tolerance)
Kappa (Konstipation)
159
Opioid (full agonist) that causes increased ICP; exerts hemodynamic effect on pulmonary circulation
Morphine
160
Opioid analgesic used for breakthrough cancer pain; may be given transdermally or via lollipop
Fentanyl
161
Most potent opioid
Ohmefentanyl
| OHpioid!!!
162
Opioid used for spasmodic pain (biliary, renal colic), ideal for pancreatitis patient
Meperidine
163
Opioid used for maintenance therapy for opioid dependence (less addiction liability); Investigated as treatment of leukemia
Methadone
164
Opioid analgesic for chronic pain (partial agonist)
Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
165
Opioid used for cough suppression; causes serotonin syndrome with SSRIs and MAOIs
Dextrometorphan
166
Opioid analgesic used for mild to moderate pain; withdrawn due to fatal cardiotoxicity
Propoxyphene
| Nag-PROPOse pero na-reject
167
Opioid reducing craving in alcohol dependence
Buprenorphine
168
Opioid analgesic (mixed agonist-antagonist) resistant to naloxone reversal
Nalbuphine
169
Opioid antagonist reduces craving in alcohol dependence
Naloxone
170
Dual-acting opioid analgesic for chronic pain (arthritis); SE: nausea, dizziness, seizures
Tramadol
171
Opioid overdose triad
Pupillary constriction
Comatose state
Respiratory depression
(PCR)
172
Dextromethampetamine, methampetamine
Amphetamines
173
Treatment for amphetamine withdrawal (sleep death, apathy)
antidepressants (mirtrazapine) & acidify urine to inc elimination
174
Congener of amphetamine causing profound hyponatremia; increases libido
MDMA/ Ecstasy
175
Illicit drug causing hemorrhagic alveolitis
Hemorrhagic alveolitis
176
Most dangerous hallucinogenic agent; causes psychomimetic behavior
Phencyclidine (PCP)
177
Treatment for PCP/ angel dust/ special K
```
Supportive (for HPN and seizures)
Parenteral benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam)
```
178
Hallucinogenic causing panic reactions (bad trips)
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
179
Marijuana intoxication
Red conjunctiva (Bloody Mary)
