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Pharmacology > Endocrine pharmacology > Flashcards

Endocrine pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Somatostatin analog used in acromegaly, gigantism and variceal bleeding

A

Octreotide

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2
Q

Role of FSH in men

A

Spermatogenesis

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3
Q

Role of LH in men

A

androgen production

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4
Q

First step in ovulation induction

A

GnRH agonist/antagonist (endogenous means)

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5
Q

Serious complication of ovulation induction

A

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

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6
Q

FSH analog for infertility

A

Follitropin alfa

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7
Q

LH analog for ovulation induction; from Chinese hamster’s ovaries

A

Choriogonadotropin alfa

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8
Q

GnRH analog that must be given with Flutamide; causes flare-up of prostate ca

A

Leuprolide

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9
Q

GnRH antagonist

A

Ganirelix

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10
Q

Dopamine agonist used in hyperprolactinemia and Parkinson’s Disease

A

Bromocriptine

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11
Q

Side effects of Bromocriptine

A

Erythromelalgia

Raynaud’s phenomenon

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12
Q

Fetal complication of high-dose oxytocin

A

Failure of descent d/t sustained contraction
Fetal distress
Placental abruption

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13
Q

ADH agonist used in Central DI, vW disease, variceal bleeding

A

Desmopressin

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14
Q

ADH antagonist for SIADH

A

Conivaptan

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15
Q

ADH antagonists more specific for V2 receptors

A

Tolvaptan

Lixivaptan

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16
Q

Side effect of conivaptan

A

Hyperkalemia

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17
Q

4 steps in synthesis and transport of thyroid hormones

A

Transport
Iodine organification
Coupling
Proteolysis

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18
Q

Biologically active thyroid hormone

A

T3

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19
Q

T3 is ____x more potent than T4

A

10

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20
Q

Autoimmune d/o where B lymphocytes produce an Ab that activates TSH receptor causing thyrotoxicosis

A

Graves disease

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21
Q

Endpoint of MOA of thyroid hormones

A

RNA formation and CHON synthesis

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22
Q

Thyroid hormone that must be lowered in pts w/ longstanding hypothyroidism

A

Levothyroxine

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23
Q

Onset of action of PTU

A

3-4 weeks

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24
Q

MOA of PTU

A

Inhibits conversion of T4 to T3

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25
Q

SE of PTU

A

Agranulocytosis

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26
Q

MOA of methimazole

A

Blocks iodine organification

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27
Q

SE of methimazole

A

Phantom taste and smell
Agranulocytosis
Cholestatic jaundice

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28
Q

Tx for agranulocytosis

A

Recombinant G-CSF

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29
Q

Treatment causing permanent hypothyroidism

A

Radioactive iodine (I 131)

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30
Q

Drug that is associated with escape phenomenon in 2-8 weeks; reduces vascularity and size of thyroid gland

A

Potassium iodide

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31
Q

MOA of potassium iodide

A

inhibit iodide organification

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32
Q

Antithyroid drugs that inhibit peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

A

PTU
Propanolol
Hydrocortisone

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33
Q

Ingestion of iodine causes hypothyroidism

A

Wolf-Chaikoff effect

34
Q

Ingestion of iodine causes hyperthyroidism

A

Jod-Basedow phenomenon

35
Q

Regulate Na and K reabsorption in the CT of kidney

A

Mineralocorticoids

36
Q

Highest salt-retaining mineralocorticoid

A

Fludrocortisone

37
Q

Prototype of cortisol

A

Hydrocortisone

38
Q

Uses of hydrocortisone

A

Acute adrenal insufficiency
Status asthmaticus
Thyroid storm

39
Q

SE of Prednisone

A 
Adrenal suppression
Behavioral changes - Steroid rage (common in body builders)
Osteoporosis
Salt retention
Glucose intolerance
40
Q

Drug used for Addison’s disease and postural orthostatic tachycardia

A

Fludrocortisone

41
Q

Drug for adrenal-replacement therapy post adrenalectomy

A

Fludrocortisone

42
Q

Causes of iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome

A

exogenous steroid intake

43
Q

Causes of adrenal Cushing’s syndrome

A

Cortisol-secreting adrenal adenoma

44
Q

Causes of pituitary Cushing’s syndrome

A

ACTH-secreting adrenal adenoma

45
Q

Causes of ectopic Cushing’s syndrome

A

paraneoplastic ACTH production (from lung tumors)

46
Q

Drug of choice for pregnant patients with Cushing’s; used in dx testing for pituitary problem or tumors

A

Metyrapone

47
Q

MOA of aminoglutethimide

A

Inhibits desmolase

48
Q

MOA of ketoconazole

A

Inhibits cholesterol sidechain cleavage

49
Q

Ethinyl estradiol increases the risk of ___ cancer

A

endometrial

50
Q

Causes clear cell vaginal adenoCA and testicular CA

A

Diethylstilbestrol

51
Q

Progestin drug that is an appetite stimulant

A

Megestrol

52
Q

Progestin used in combination with ethinyl estradiol

A

Norgestrel

53
Q

Most common SE of OCPs

A

Breakthrough bleeding

54
Q

Progestin-only IM prep

A

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera)

55
Q

Combined oral contraceptive

A

Estradiol + Norethindrone

56
Q

Postcoital contraceptive used for emergency contraception

A

Levonorgestrel

57
Q

SERM that decreases contralateral spread of breast CA, prevents osteoporosis but increases endometrial Ca risk

A

Tamoxifen

58
Q

SERM with no estrogenic effects in endometrial tissue

A

Raloxifene

59
Q

SERM associated with multiple pregnancies

A

Clomiphene

60
Q

Estrogen synthesis inhibitor; for Tamoxifen-resistant breast Ca

A

Anastrozole

61
Q

Ovarian inhibitor used in endometriosis; CI in pregnant patients d/t masculinization of female fetus

A

Danazol

62
Q

Glucocorticoid/ progesterone receptor antagonist used in medical abortion

A

Mifepristone (RU-486)

63
Q

Anabolic steroid used in performance enhancement in athletes

A

Oxandrolone

64
Q

Androgen antagonist used in prostate CA

A

Flutamide

65
Q

Androgen used in male hypogonadism and precocious puberty in males

A

Testosterone

66
Q

Androgen antagonist w/ orphan drug status used for hirsutism

A

Cyproterone

67
Q

5-a reductase inhibitor used in BPH

A

Finasteride

68
Q

Lab test used to differentiate Type 1 and 2 DM

A

C-peptide

69
Q

Rapid-acting insulin

A

Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine

70
Q

Whipple’s triad for dx insulinoma

A

Hypoglycemia after fasting/heavy exercise
Low plasma glucose
Glucose relieves symptoms

71
Q

Short-acting insulin

A

Regular

72
Q

Intermediate-acting insulin

A

NPH

lente

73
Q

Long-acting insulin

A

Ultralente

74
Q

Ultra-long insulin

A

Glargine
Lantus
Detemir

75
Q

Early morning hyperglycemia effects

A

Somogyi effect
Waning of Insulin dose
Dawn phenomenon

76
Q

Hypoglycemia at 3am

Hyper in BF

A

Somogyi effect

77
Q

Results when evening dose of intermediate-acting insulin is low
Hypergly in 3 and 7am

A

Waning of insulin dose

78
Q

Low insulin sn b/w 6 and 7am d/t GH secretion

3am glucose normal

A

Dawn phenomenon

79
Q

Insulin sensitizers

A

Biguanides

Thiazolidinediones

80
Q

Growth hormone; used in AIDS wasting and conditions involving short stature

A

Somatropin

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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