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Human Disease AKA Nickey > Neuropathology > Flashcards

Neuropathology Flashcards

1
Q

What can Cerebrovascular disease lead to?

A

Herniation in the brain

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2
Q

Focal traumatic Brian injury cause?

A

Focal you can see
Falls or assaults
Epidural or subdural hematomas

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3
Q

How does a epidural Hematoma happen?

A

Crack your skull and puncture the blood vessel in the dura and you get blood separating the skull from the dura and get a clot

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4
Q

What is a subdural hematoma?

A

Blood between the brain and dura from vessels get torn
More in old people bc the brain shrinks and vessels get thinner so a fall more likely to tear
Slow filling of blood not fast

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5
Q
A

Subdural hematomas

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6
Q
A

Contracoup contusions of the brain

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7
Q

What is a coup and contracoup contusion?

A

Coup is grating of the site of skull fracture
Contracoup is grating of the opposite of trauma

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8
Q

Diffuse brain injury

A

Viscoelastic
Road accident
Shearing stress applied force

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9
Q

What are the red dots and what dmg is this?

A

Red dots - torn capillaries
Diffuse vascular injury

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10
Q

Grading for DIffuse atonal injury

A

Low score is better

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11
Q

What are the circled parts?

A

Diffuse axon dmg
The flow gets blocked and you get a build up and swell up

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12
Q

Where do you have the most sheer stress in brain injury?

A

Corpus callocum bc you brain goes in 2 different directions

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13
Q

Perinatal brain injury?

A

Usually in early birth

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14
Q

Blast means what

A

Sprout or shoot

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15
Q

Subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhages?

A

Happens when premature babies are born around the 13 week stage where the blast is susceptible to hemorrhages

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16
Q
A

Premature brain of germinal matrix hemorrhage

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17
Q
A

bacterial meningitis with gray green of fibrinous exudate

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18
Q

Meningitis in bacteria in young people is?

A

Neisseria Menigitidis

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19
Q

Meningitis in older people is?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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20
Q

Meningitis in newborns is caused by?

A

Group B or ecoli

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21
Q

What are CNS fungal infections

A

Meningitis - Yeast - granulomas response
Vacuities - Hyphae - affect immune compromise people

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22
Q
A

Basal fibrosis with Granulomatous meningitis

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23
Q
A

Fungal infection
Left - epothelioid histiocytes with granulomatous
Right - multinucleated giant cell

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24
Q

What is this caused by

A

Looks like an infarct in the brain but its caused my hyphae

25
Q

CNS infections in the spinal cord

A

Meningitis - mumps, enteroviruses, coxsackie and HIV

26
Q

CNS viral infection in the brain?

A

Encephalitis - HSV, CMV, Arbo, Rabies, HIV, PML

27
Q
A

Viral Encephalitis in the brain - classic lymphocytes cupping

28
Q
A

The purple without the dot in the middle is the neuron getting eaten and causing neuronphagia

29
Q
A

Microglial nodule

30
Q

What are the 3 hallmark of Viral encephalitis?

A

lymphocytic cuffs, neurophagia and microglial nodules

31
Q

How can you tell it HSV one in the brain?

A

Bi or unilateral Hemorrhagic of the temporal lobe

32
Q

What are the CNS protozoan infections?

A

Toxoplasmosis and Amebae

33
Q
A

Toxoplasmosis

34
Q

How do you get naeglaeria Fowleri?

A

Swimming in stagnant fresh water

35
Q
A

Left and right circles are the muscular sucker
The thing in the middle is the tooth

36
Q

Life cycle of tapeworm to human brain?

A

Eggs get transmitter into out food and think we are pig also burrow and get into our brain

37
Q
A

Asctrocytoma bc the cells look like stars - intrinsic

38
Q
A

Oligodendroglioma - looks like fried egg

39
Q
A

Has both we call it oligoastrocytoma by morphology

40
Q
A

Glioblastoma - usually in old people survival only a year

41
Q
A

Glioblastoma usually replaces the corpus calloum and most common and called the butterfly Glioblastoma

42
Q

What does Oncoscan for?

A

Copy number abnormalities

43
Q

NGS Solid Tumor Panel

A

Point mutations amplifications and homozygous deletions

44
Q
A

Meninigioma and extrinsic tumor of the brain

45
Q

CT scan how to discern from Glioblastoma from a menginioma

A

Meningioma has multiple while Glioblastoma has one

46
Q

What is and are the neruodegenerative disease?

A

it is even on both side
Alzheimer’s , Parkinson’s, ALS, Huntington

47
Q

Where does Alzheimer start?

A

temporal lobe then spreads to frontal and partieal and occipital

48
Q

where does Parkinson’s disease start?

A

substantial nigra and then spreads

49
Q

where does ALS start?

A

Only the motor neurons

50
Q

Where does Huntington disease start?

A

Caudate nucleus and then spreads

51
Q

What is Alzheimer Disease?

A

Age associated dementia with amyloid plagues and tau tangles disease

52
Q
A

Plaques is the big yellow thing
Tangles with the strings

53
Q

What are plaques and tangles

A

Plaques are replacing the windows and doors but you don’t take trash them so they slowly accumulate
tangles are fibrous protiens badly folded microtubles

54
Q
A

ALS motor neuro disease

55
Q
A

Loss of neurons from anterior horn

56
Q

What is Huntington Disease?

A

Affect the basal ganglia
Have strange movements all the time worm like
CAG repeats cause neurons to die
Autosomal dominate

57
Q
A

Neuron loss and causes concave

58
Q

What is Multiple sclerosis?

A

Demyelination of neurons
Autoimmune

59
Q
A

MS dmyelinated plaques

Human Disease AKA Nickey (8 decks)

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