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Human Disease AKA Nickey > Gastrointestianl Pathology > Flashcards

Gastrointestianl Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cell is cancer of the mouth

A

Squamous cell Carcinoma

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2
Q

Risk factor for mouth and Tongue cancer

A

Betel nuts, Tobacco, Alcohol, and HPV

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3
Q

How does Barrett’s esophagus happen

A

Splashing of acid upward and you get metaplasia of mucus producing cells

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4
Q

how does Mallory - Weiss tears happen

A

Constant retching and causes tears usually in chronic alcoholism

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5
Q

What is this and what is the blue strips

A

Esophageal varrices and the blue is veins from portal hypertension and cirrhosis. If they rupture you die

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6
Q

What is the highlighted areas

A

Blue - normal squamous mucosa of esophagus
Yellow - intestinal metaplasia

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7
Q

What is an adenocarcinoma and what is it call in the Esphagous

A

Barretts and most common esophageal cancer most common in America

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8
Q

Esophageal cancer in most of the world is what type

A

Squamous cell carcinoma middle third of the esophageal, dysplasia to neoplasia skips metaplasia

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9
Q

What is H. Pylori and what is the risk

A

Chronic Gastritis and 10% chance to get metaplasia

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10
Q

Where are peptic ulcers found

A

More common in duodenal and sometimes in the stomach

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11
Q

Peptic ulcer risk factors

A

NSAID, aspirin, smoke and alcohol

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12
Q

what is this

A

Ulcer in the duodenum

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13
Q

What is this

A

Peptic ulcer with Fibrinous exudate

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14
Q

What rank is stomach cancer

A

2nd for ca deaths world wide

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15
Q

What is this

A

Cancer of the stomach and its ugly looking

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16
Q

What is happening here?

A

Leather bottle stomach - Gastric adenocarcinoma of the stomach wall with goblet cells

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17
Q

4 mechanism for diarrhea

A

Greek for flowing through
1. Secretory
2. Osmotic
3. Exudative
4. Malabsorptive

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18
Q

What is and the cause if secretory diarrhea

A

Vibrio - watery

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19
Q

What is it and the cause of osmotic diarrhea?

A

Lactase deficiency - shit solutes

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20
Q

what is and causes exudate diarrhea?

A

Virus/bacteria/IBD - bloody stools

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21
Q

What is and cause Malabsorptive diarrhea?

A

Celiac disease and you poo nutrients

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22
Q

What is this?

A

Pseudomembramous Colitis (C. Diff) - by antibiotics

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23
Q

What is this and the pink on the right?

A

Caused by C. DIFF and the pink is fibrin and dots is neutrophils - fibrinous exudate

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24
Q

What is this and what is highlighted

A

Amebic Colitis cause by a protozoan - common in Mexico, Colombia and India
Highlighted is ulcer and inflammatory cells

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25
Q

What is this?

A

Amebic colitis and the circles are ameba that stain purple

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26
Q

What does flask sharp ulceration tell you

A

Ameba

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27
Q

What is characteristic of Volcanic eruption of fibrinous exudate

A

Psudomebrame colitis

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28
Q

What is celiac disease

A

Immune response to gluten

29
Q

What is on the right and what is on the left

A

Left is normal small bowel
Right it celiac disease destroying villi

30
Q
A

Celiac disease loss of fingers

31
Q

UC vs. Crohns ulcers

A

Crohns - deeper ulcers and thick walls has cobble stone appearance
UC - superficial ulcers and thin walls and has psudopolyps

32
Q
A

Crohn’s disease with transmural inflammation and thick bowel walls

33
Q

What is this and what are the purple dots?

A

Crohn’s disease and the dots are granulomas

34
Q

What is the middle, the big thing and the dots

A

OUR FRIEND
Crohn’s disease
Middle is epithelioid histiocyctes
Big thing is multinucleated giant cell
Dots are lymphocytes

35
Q
A

UC crypts filled with neutrophils
Can be found in both but usually in UC

36
Q

What is Transmural infraction?

A

Atherosclerosis, thrombosis, embolism oh my of the mesenteric vessel.
90% and gangrene

37
Q

What is a mucosal or mural infraction?

A

Atherosclerosis stenosis upper inning of the gut dies due to hypotension
Multifocal lesions that cause cardiac failure but may heal

38
Q
A

Necrosis of the gut and if you fix it can go back to normal
If transmural you can do shit

39
Q

What is Colonic Diverticulosis?

A

Herniations of mucosa and submucosa
Common in after age 50
More fiber = less prevalence

40
Q
A

Colonic diverticulosis are the circles

41
Q

How do most colorectal adenomas form?

A

Form begin adenomaus poly that can transform into cancer

42
Q

What do you look for in polys in the colon to see if they are cancer?

A

Small is good look like pompom
Big is bad and have a larger base
>4 is 40% cancer

43
Q
A

Polyp in the colon but its not malignant

44
Q

What is right and what is left

A

Adenocarcinoma of the colon having
Left is tubular
Right is vilous

45
Q

What do adenoma colorectal carcinoma pt lose in their gene and what percentage is it?

A

80% of the colon cancers
2 hit in APC gene
Beta-date in not degraded

46
Q

What is the other percentage of adenocarcinoma colon and what happens?

A

20%
Repetitive DNA sequence like micro satellites

47
Q

Colon cancer death rate?

A

2nd most in the US
40% will die
It because we eat so much meat

48
Q
A

Colon cancer

49
Q

Prevalence of Alcoholic liver disease

A

> 60% in the US
But only <20% develop cirrhosis

50
Q
A

Alcoholic hepatitis where fatty liver progressed and you see neutrophils

51
Q

What is the triad for Alcoholic hepatics

A

fatty change
Neutrophils
Hyalin

52
Q
A

Bridging fibrosis the purple in the liver

53
Q
A

Regenerative nodules ( if you have you it you have cirrhosis)

54
Q

What is the Viral hepatitis triad?

A

ballooning degeneration, lobular disarray, lymphocytes
Apoptosis bodies (councilmen bodies)

55
Q
A

Viral hepatitis with lymphocytes (purple dots)

56
Q

What is this and the dark purple thing?

A

Ballooning degeneration of viral hep
Purple thing is apoptosic bodies

57
Q

Which HV is this?

A

Hep C bc of the lymphocytes

58
Q

What is HAV?

A

Transmitted oral fecal
RNA virus
No chronic or carrier state

59
Q

What is HBV?

A

DNA virus
Blood transmission, needles, sex
Asymptomatic carrier state
Progressive cirrhosis
MOST COMMON CAUSE OF LIVER CANCER ( world wide more prevalent and they go from HBV to cancer skipping the cirrhosis phase)

60
Q

What is HCV?

A

RNA virus, related to yellow fever
Doesn’t make you sick but highly progress to cirrhosis
HCV + alcohol = fast cirrhosis

61
Q

Prevalence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

A

50% world wide

62
Q
A

THIS IS OUR FRIEND
Cirrhosis on the right
Malignant on the left

63
Q

What is the Exocrine Pancreatic Function?

A

Secrete enzyme to aid digestion
Amylase - starch
Lipase - fat
Trypsin - protein

64
Q

How do you get auto digestion?

A

Gallstone plugs the duct
Alcohol 80%

65
Q
A

Normal top left
Inflammation right
Chronic pancreatitis bottom left with fibrosis

66
Q
A

Metaplasia and dysplasia of the pancreatic ducts

67
Q

What type of cancer is from the pancreas and what part does it form on?

A

Adenocarcinoma
Head of the pancreas

68
Q
A

Pancreatic Ductal adenocarcinoma

69
Q

Prevalence and origin of pancreatic cancer?

A

4th leading cause and 25% survival
Comes from cancer in the pancreatic ducts

Human Disease AKA Nickey (8 decks)

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