Endorine Pathology

Question 1

What is prolactinoma?

Answer 1

Amenorrhea, and infertility

Question 2

What is Somatotroph

Answer 2

Kids Giantism
Adult acromegaly

Question 3

What is Corticotroph?

Answer 3

Cushing disease

Question 4

what is hormonally non functional?

Answer 4

Mass effect headaches

Question 5

Answer 5

Left have multiple grape cells
Cancer you loose that and have uniform on the right

Question 6

What is Graves’ disease?

Answer 6

Common of hyperthyroidism
T4 and T3 excess and hypermetabolic state
TSH is low so we have to look at thyroid itself
Enlarged thyroid gland bc of antibodies that attached to TSH
Higher in women then men

Question 7

What is Hashimoto disease?

Answer 7

hypothyroidism
more common in women
CD4 and CD8 destroy the thyroid gland
Decrease T4 and T3 with increase in TSH

Question 8

Answer 8

Left destroyed thyroid follicles
Right lymphocytic infiltrates

Question 9

How does a goiter form?

Answer 9

Decrease iodine and decrease T3 adn T4 and increase TSH = you get a goiter

Question 10

What is a papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Answer 10

85% of cancers with a 95% survival
Lazy cancer
DERIVED FROM FOLLICULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS

Question 11

Answer 11

papillary carcinomas they are empty nuclei and are cauliflower looking

Question 12

Does metastases mean death for papillary cancer?

Answer 12

No the spreading is fine

Question 13

What is a follicular carcinoma?

Answer 13

15% of thyroid cancer
To spread thought the blood
Capsular invasion defines Carcinoma vs adenoma

Question 14

What does the Parathyroid gland do?

Answer 14

Takes order form calcium levels
Control calcium from the bones

Question 15

What is Hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 15

One of the 4 develope hyper function
Over production of calcium that make kidney stone, gall stones, and peptic ulcer

Question 16

Zona glomerulosa secretes what?

Answer 16

Aldosterone

Question 17

Zona fasciculata secretes what?

Answer 17

Cortisol

Question 18

Zona Reticularis secretes what?

Answer 18

Estrogen and androgen

Question 19

Where does hyperadrenalism come from?

Answer 19

Zona Glomerulosa - too much renin and thus you get hypertension

Question 20

What is secondary hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 20

Kidney dmg or reduced blood flow

Question 21

What is hypercortisolism come from?

Answer 21

Zona Fasiculata - secrete cortisol
And you get Cushing syndrome

Question 22

Causes of crushing syndrome?

Answer 22

1. Drugs
2. Pituitary adenoma
3. Adrenal cancer
4. Ectopic ACTH

Question 23

Chronic adrenocortical insufficiency?

Answer 23

Slow autoimmune adrenalitis
Addison disease - skin getting darker

Question 24

What is the adrenal medulla

Answer 24

Sits on the bottom of the to of the kidney

Question 25

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 25

Epinephrine secreting tumor that creates HTN
Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal medulla