Joint and Bone

Question 1

Answer 1

White space are lacunes
Condriacytes live in the lacunes
The condriacyes produce matixs

Question 2

What get tired in osteoporosis?

Answer 2

Controcytes stop making matrixes

Question 3

What is Eburnation?

Answer 3

Rubbing of bone (Ivory bone)

Question 4

What immune response is in Rhematoid Arthritis?

Answer 4

Activated T cells, Activated B cells , IL-1
RF is then measure with IgM

Question 5

What is happening to the cells in RA?

Answer 5

Synovial Villous hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Question 6

Answer 6

Left - usually single line of synovial cells (white spaces) but it hypertrophy and -plasia in RA
Right - inflam of the synovium

Question 7

How does gout form?

Answer 7

To much urate in the blood and get deposited into he joints as crystals
Macrophages try to eat but cant and secrete TNF IL-6
Gather around and form a gout

Question 8

Answer 8

White area is the crystals and around it is the histiocytes try to eat it and for a ring (granuloma like)
Gout

Question 9

Cortex Greek

Answer 9

Bark or outside

Question 10

What is affected in Osteoporosis?

Answer 10

Thinner and fewer Trabeulae in cancellous bone
A lot in femur necks and hips

Question 11

What type of change is hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 11

Adenoma (80%) and Hyperplasia (15%)

Question 12

Hyperparathyroidism cause osteoporosis how?

Answer 12

Over production of calcium and taking out the calcium in the bones
Too many osteoclasts

Question 13

Answer 13

Osteoclast absorbing bone

Question 14

Where is osteosarcoma most commonly found?

Answer 14

The funnel of the femur or tibia
Metathesis (funnel of the bone)

Question 15

Answer 15

Left - Blueish parts are tumor cells and are very active ( you can tell it originated from the bone because it is making the pink around the area)

Question 16

How can you tell is the cancer started in the bone or it is a metastasis?

Answer 16

The cancer cells are making the pink things in the bone
Where as the metastasis will not be making the pink material

Question 17

What is a Chondrosarcoma?

Answer 17

Cancer of the cartilage
More common in older people
Usually pelvis, shoulder and ribs

Question 18

Answer 18

Chondrosarcoma

Question 19

Answer 19

Left - low grade Chondrosarcoma
Right - high grade Chondrosarcoma

Question 20

What is multiple Myeloma?

Answer 20

Cancer of plasma cells that stick in the bone
In the bone but not of the bone

Question 21

Answer 21

Vast sheets of plasma cells in multiple myeloma

Question 22

where does multiple myeloma usually form?

Answer 22

Skull and spinal cord