Neurons/Spinal Nerves Flashcards
nissl substance
RER
synthesize NT or precursor
anterograde transport
moves away from cell body to terminal
transport NT/precursors
mediated by kinesin
faster than retrograde
retrograde transport
moves toward cell body
recycle garbage, excess NT
mediated by dynein
half rate of kinesin
outside things transported retrogradely
polio, rabies, (motor)
herpes (sensory)
outside things transported anterogradely
rabies, (motor) –> salivary glands
herpes (sensory) –> painful vesicles
glutamate cell bodies/projections
entire CNS
entire CNS
GABA cell bodies/projections
entire CNS
entire CNS/Retina
glutamate actions
excitatory NT
modulation of synaptic plasticity
activation of 2nd messenger sys
GABA actions
inhibitory NT
ACh cell bodies/projections (PNS)
ventral horns –> skeletal muscle
ANS preganglionic nuc –> autonomic ganglia
Para ganglia (postgang) –> glands, SM, cardiac
basal forebrain –> cerebral cortex
pontomesencephalic region –> thalamus, cerebellum, pons, medulla
ACh actions
muscle contraction
ANS fxns
Para fxns
neuromodulation (memory consolidation, sleep/wake cycles)
ACh path for muscle contraction
ventral horn –> skeletal muscle –> nicotinic –> muscle contraction
ACh path for ANS
pregang nuclei –> autonomic gang –> nicotinic –> ANS fxns
ACh path for para fxns
para ganglia (postgang) –> gland/SM/cardiac –> muscarinic –> para fxn
ACh path for neuromodulation (memory consolidation)
basal forebrain –> cerebral cortex –> muscarinic and nicotinic subtypes –> neuromod
ACh path for neuromodulation (sleep/wake cycles)
pontomesencephalic region –> thalamuc, cerebellum, pons, medulla –> musc and nic subtypes –> neuromod
myelin forming glial cells
oligodendrocytes: myelinate up to 50 segments of 50 diff axons (CNS)
schwann: myelinate 1 segment of 1 axon (PNS)
autoimmune demyelinating diseases
MS (oligo)
guillan-barre (schwann)
MS mechanism
oligo-formed myelin becomes inflammed and impairs transmission in CNS
plaques form where demyelinating
MS Sx
symptoms can be many places (and not symmetrical) and may get worse or better in time
CN/SN affected my MS
only optic nerve (CN II)
MS eye problems
most common cause of optic neuritis (blurry vision)
MS CSF
up gamma globulin
up T-lymphocytes
normal glucose
guillain-barre mech
schwann-formed myelin becomes inflammed following a resp or GI illness, blocking transmission
guillain-barre sx
only affect motor axons (weakness in limbs)
usually symmetrical
ascending
guillain-barre sx
only affect motor axons (weakness in limbs)
usually symmetrical
ascending
regeneration of nerve
only in PNS (schwann)
really slow - 1-2 mm/day
