Cortex Flashcards
motor cortex UMN tracts
midline and sup half –> CST
inf half –> CBT
sensory cortex termination sites
midline and sup 1/2: from VPL thalamus
inf 1/2: from VPM
MCA block –>
contra motor def contra senesthesia (face, UL, trunk) brocas wernickes
ACA block –>
contra motor def
contra senesthesia
(LL)
PCA block –>
primary visual cortex loss
higher motor area (+ fxn)
premotor cortex
supplementary motor area
(both in front of primary motor area)
fxn: motor planning
prefrontal cortex fxn
personality/executive behaviors
contralateral horizontal gaze center location
frontal eye fields
in front of premotor cortex
higher motor lesions
apraxia - cant execute learned tasks
no weakness
higher sensory lesions
agnosia - no knowledge of sensation
higher sensory area (+fxn)
somatosensory association cortex (post to primary somatosensory cortex)
dominant hemisphere fxns
language (speech, comprehension + written)
skilled motor (praxis)
simplle math
music ability (trained musicians)
sense of direction - following directions
non dominant hemisphere fxns
prosody (emotion in voice + understanding tone) visual-spatial anaylysis/attention math organiztion music (untrained) direction (overall sense)
response path
hear (primary aud) understand (Wernicke) arcuate fasciculus speak (broca) CBT to speech muscles
language centers (+fxns)
broca (motor speech)
wernicke (oral comprehension)
angular gyrus (written comprehension)
aphasia common qualities
a/disgraphia
impaired ability to repeat
broca’s aphasia aka
expressive aphasia
motor, nonfluent
brocas aphasia sx
understand written and spoken
speech usually 1 syllable words
agraphia
patients aware and frustrated
brocas aphasia complications
primary motor cortex
right lower face weakness
weak right arm
wernickes aphasia aka
receptive aphasia
fluent, receptive
wernickes aphasia sx
cant comprehend spoken may not be able to read fluent meaningless verbalization paraphasic - misuse words unaware of deficit slight bilateral hearing loss
gerstmann syndrome lesion
angular gyrus
gerstmann syndrome sx
comprehend spoken can't comprehend written agraphia aculia (loss of simple math) finger agnosia (can't recognize fingers) right-left disorientation
right side lesion sx
can’t add emotion into speech
cant understand emotional tone
unilateral neglect of L visual and somatosensory world
right side lesion dx
bisect line
draw #s on clock
lesion amygdala –>
kluver-bucy syndrome
basal ganglia - ACA
caudate nuc
ant internal capsule
basal ganglia - MCA
putamen globus pallidus (e + i)
basal ganglia - anterior choroidal (or deep MCA (lenticulostriate)
genu (CBT)
post internal capsule (somatosensory, CST)
(aud/vis from medial/lat geniculate nuclei)
basal ganglia - PCA
thalamus
deep branches - thalamoperforating
basal forebrain fxn
consolidation enhancement
ACh neurons
papez circuit
hippocampal formation thru fornix
mammillary body
ant nuc of thalamus
cingulate gyrus
kluver-bucy syndrome sx
lack emotional response (fear, agression) hypermetamorphosis up oral exploratory behavior hypersexual anterograde amnesia
kluver-busy complications
meyers loop lesions
pie in the sky
alzheimers dementia
primary sensory/motor, CN nuclei, Cb spared
language deficits
mood/personality changes
alzheimers mech
accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles
1st - hippocampus
2nd - basal nuclei (ACh, memory consolidation), limbic nuc of thalamus, noradrenergic/serotoninergic neurons
alzheimers ventricles
enlarge secondary to neuronal loss
–> hydrocephalus ex vacuo
