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CNS organization/development Flashcards

1
Q

different neuro-directions

A

@ an anglerostral (ant)caudaldorsal (superior in brain, regular in cord)ventral (inf in brain, regular in cord)

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2
Q

cranial and spinal nerves

A

12 CN31 SN

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3
Q

tract akas

A

pedunclefasciculuslemniscus

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4
Q

anterograde

A

away from cell bodyAPs, transport

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5
Q

retrograde

A

toward cell bodytransport

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6
Q

gastrulation time

A

3rd week

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7
Q

sonic hedgehog

A

inducertranscription factorsignaling molecule released from notochord

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8
Q

stages of neurolation

A
  1. induce ecto over noto to thicken and form neural plate2. plate invaginates –> neural groove3. deepen + form neural crests4. crests merge @ midline –> hollow neural tube
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9
Q

nervous system germ layer origin

A

ectoderm

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10
Q

CNS origin

A

neural tube

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11
Q

neural tube defect markers

A

high AFP (alpha fetoprotein)high AChE (acetylcholinesterase)

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12
Q

neural fold –> neural tube steps

A

middle closes first (day 23)rostral next (25)caudal last (27)

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13
Q

neural tube symmetry

A

dorsal half - Alar plate - sensoryventral half - basal plate - motor

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14
Q

neuro development - primary vesicles

A

prosencephalon (forebrain) mesencephalon (midbrain)rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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15
Q

neuro development - secondary vesicles

A

pro –> telencephalon, diencephalonmesencephalon –> mesencephalonrhom –> metencephalon, myelencephalon

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16
Q

telencephalon –>

A

cerebral hemispheresmost of basal ganglialateral ventricles

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17
Q

diencephalon –>

A

thalamushypothalamuspineal glandretinaoptic nervethird ventricle

18
Q

mesencephalon –>

A

midbraincerebral aqueduct

19
Q

metencephalon –>

A

ponscerebellum4th ventricle

20
Q

myelencephalon –>

A

medullafourth ventricle

21
Q

epithalamus aka

A

pineal gland

22
Q

thalamus

A

means inner chamberrelay to cortex

23
Q

pineal gland aka

A

epithalamus

24
Q

myelin making cells

A

schwann cells (PNS)oligodendrocytes (CNS)

25
Q

MS

A

autoimmunedemyelinating (affect oligodendrocytes) –> CNS and optic nerve

26
Q

neuroectoderm (neural tube) –>

A

CNSoptic nerve/retinapineal glandneurohypophysisastrocytesoligodendrocytes

27
Q

neuroectoderm (neural crest) –>

A

PNSadrenal medullagangliamelanocytesschwann cellsmeningespharyngeal arch cartilageodontoblastsparafollicular cellsaorticopulmonary septumendocardial cushions

28
Q

anencephaly

A

failure of anterior neuropore to close (rostral)brain doesn’t developpolyhydramniosincompatible w/ lifeAFP and AChE up

29
Q

spina bifida types

A

spina bifida occultaspina bifida w/ meningocelespina bifida w/ meningomyelocelespina bifida w/ myeloschisis

30
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

posterior neuropore doesn’t close (+ doesn’t induce bone growth)mildest formno vert around cordno up in AFPtuft of hair over lumbar

31
Q

spina bifida w/ meningocele

A

meninges cyst protrude through vert defect (lined by dura and arachnoid)AFP upspinal cord in place

32
Q

spinal bifida w/ menigomyelocele

A

meninges and spinal cord protrude through vert defect (lined by dura and arachnoid)increase in AFPlower limb weakness/sensory loss

33
Q

spina bifida w/ myeloschisis

A

most severespinal cord can be seen externallyincrease in AFP and AChE

34
Q

sys cap vs brain cap

A

brain: no fenestrations, occluding (tight) jxnsno free exchange

35
Q

types of BBB transport

A

diffusionselective transportion channels

36
Q

BBB diffusion examples

A

CO2O2(lipid soluble gases)

37
Q

BBB selective transport examples

A

glucoseAAvit K, D(water-soluble)

38
Q

BBB ion channels examples

39
Q

drugs and BBB

A

lipid soluble diffuse readily:heroin, ethanol, nicotine

40
Q

neoplasms and BBB

A

neoplasms have leaky caps –> vasogenic edemacontrast material

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