Neurons

Question 1

This specialized cell designed to transmit information to nerve, muscle or gland cells is called

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

How many neurons could the brain potentially have?

Answer 2

1-100 billion

Question 3

What does the nerve body consist of?

Answer 3

Cell Body, Dendrites, and Axons

Question 4

What does the cell body contain

Answer 4

The nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 5

Axon

Answer 5

Extends from the cell body and often gives rise to many smaller branches bfore ending at nerve terminals

Question 6

Dendrites

Answer 6

extend fron the neuron cell body andrecieve messages from other neurons

Question 7

Synapses are the

Question 8

What are dendrites nd cell bodies covered in

Answer 8

Synapses formed by the end of axons

Question 9

Neurons signal by

Answer 9

transmitting electrical impulses along thier axons which can range in lenghth from a tiny fraction of an inch to 3 feet or more

Question 10

What are many axons covered in>

Answer 10

A thin layered mylin sheath which speeds the transmission of electrical signals along the axon

Question 11

What ist he sheath made of

Answer 11

Specialized cells called oligodendrocytes

Question 12

Nerve impulses involve the opening and closing of

Answer 12

Ion Channels

Question 13

What are the ion channels?

Answer 13

They are selectively permeable water filled molecular tunnels that pass through the cell membrane and allow ions to leave the cell

Question 14

The ability of a neuron to gnerate an electrical impulse depends on

Answer 14

A diffrence in Charge between the inside and outside of the cell

Question 15

When a nerve impulse begins

Answer 15

A dramatic reversal in the electrical potential occurs, at one point on the cell’s membrane when the neuron switches from an internal negative charge to a positive charge state

Question 16

The change in charge is called what?

Answer 16

Action potential

Question 17

What does the action potential then pass along >

Answer 17

The membrane of the acon at speeds up to several hundred miles per hour

Question 18

Upon reaching the end of the acon, these voltage changes trigger the release of wha?

Answer 18

Neurotransmitters, the brains chemical messangers

Question 19

Neurotransmitters that are released at mnerve terminals

Answer 19

diffuse across the intrasynaptic space and bind to receptors on the surface of the target cell

Question 20

Neurotransmitters that are released at nerve terminals diffuse across the intrasynaptic space and bind to receptors

Question 21

What do receptos act as

Answer 21

On and off switches for the next cell. Each receptor has a distinctly shaped region that recognizes a particular chemical message

Question 22

When the transmitter is in place, this interaction alters the target cell’s membrane potential

Answer 22

and triggers a response such as the generation of an action potential, conctraction of a muscle or stimulation of enzyme activity

Question 23

How are neurotransmitters studied?

Answer 23

On animals