neuromuscular responses

Question 1

what are two kind of nerves

Answer 1

sensory neurons
motor neurons

Question 2

explain motor neurons

Answer 2

carry information from our CNS to the skin

Question 3

explain sensory neurons

Answer 3

carry information from our skin to the central nervous sytem

Question 4

what are 3 nervous control of muscular contraction

Answer 4

isotonic contraction
isometric contraction
isokinetric contraction

Question 5

explain isotonic contraction

Answer 5

the muscle shortens as it develops tension

Question 6

explain isometric contraction

Answer 6

the muscle develops tension but does not change length

Question 7

explain isokinetric contraction

Answer 7

– the muscle contracts to its maximum at a constant speed
over the full range of movement.

Question 8

why do muscles contract and relax

Answer 8

Muscles contract and relax due to muscle filaments moving backwards and forwards across each other. What causes these backwards and forwards movements to occur is the
actions of specialised nerve cells called motor units working at a neuromuscular junction.

Question 9

what is a neuromuscular junction

Answer 9

a neuromuscular junction is the site at which a motor
neuron communicates with a muscle fibre using nerve impulses.

Question 10

motor unit

Answer 10

made up of motor neurons and all muscle fibre it affects. motor units work together to coordinate contractions of a muscle

Question 11

what are muscle spindles

Answer 11

are proprioceptors found in muscles, located in intrafusal fibres. they detect muscle stretch and iniate a reflex that counteracts the stretch to prevent muscle tears

Question 12

what are proprioceptors

Answer 12

sensory receptors found in tissue , tendons and joints which tells the brain about the physical stsate

Question 13

what do primary receptors in the muscle spindles do

Answer 13

respond to the degree of the stretch , then send this information via the spinal cord

Question 14

what do secondary receptors in the muscle spindle do

Answer 14

send information to the cns . this information is transmitted to a motor neuron . which causes muscle to contract, reducing stretch.

Question 15

what are receptors

Answer 15

Receptors are groups of specialised cells that detect changes in the environment
which send impulses to the brain that result in the body
adapting to these changes.

Question 16

explain chemorecptors

Answer 16

sense chemical stimuli within the body.

Question 17

what are thermorecptors

Answer 17

sense changes in temperature and are key to the
thermoregulation process.

Question 18

what are Baroreceptors

Answer 18

located in blood vessels and sense blood pressure.

Question 19

what is the endocrine system

Answer 19

The endocrine system is the body system consisting of organs and tissues that produce
hormones in response to exercise and other external factors.

Question 20

name main body hormones

Answer 20

adrenaline
noradrenaline
cortisol
testorone
human growth hormone
Ostergren

Question 21

what is adrenaline

Answer 21

it increases heart rate, breathing
rate and metabolic rate and improves the force of muscle actions, delaying the
onset of fatigue

Question 22

what is cortisol

Answer 22

associated with stress, cortisol increases blood sugar levels, suppresses
the immune system and aids the metabolism of macronutrients

Question 23

what is testorone

Answer 23

the primary male sex hormone involved in the development
of muscle tissue and muscular strength, testosterone increases the number of
neurotransmitters, encouraging muscle tissue growth.

Question 24

what is oestrogen

Answer 24

the primary female sex hormone; known to inhibit bone resorption.