environmental factors Flashcards
what is high altitude
is a measure of elevation above sea level. as altitude increases , atmosopheric pressure decreases , leading to a fall in oxygen pressure
what is acclimatisation
in order to acclimatise , athletes will train and compete at high altitude , allowing their body to become efficient at absorbing oxygen
what does a decrease in oxygen pressure cause
it causes the bodies chemorecptors to become more responsive to an increase in carbon dioxide. causes an increase in ventilation as brain attempts to restore gaseous exchange
if oxygen is less available at high altitude what does this case
results in lower haemoglobin saturation
what are some responses of the body to high altitude
hypoxia
increased breathing rate
increased heart rate
reduced V02 max
altitude sickness
explain hypoxia
occurs with deprivation of oxygen . demands of respiratory system and cardiovascular system are increased
explain increased breathing rate
involves increased ventilaion of lungs
explain increased heart rate
tachycardia is a resting heart rate above normal. high altitude causes decrease in minimal heart rate lowering cardiac output
explained reduced VO2
reduction of vo2 max of 2 per cent for every 300 meters above sea level
explain altitude sickness
illness brought on by shortness of oxygen leading to hypreventilation, exhaustion and nusea
adaptations of the body to high altitude
increased capillaries
increased mitochondria
oxidiatitive enzymes
explain increased capillaries
used to counteract lower concentrations of oxygen in the blood , number of small vessels in body increases to ensure al oxygen id being used
increased mitchondria
altitude causes an increase in mitchondria and myoglobin the the cells
oxidatitive enzymes
altitude causes an increase in oxidattive enzymes in the mitchondria. this allows type one and type 11a to process increase levels of oxygen with aerobic energy
alternative ways to acclimistise
hyproxia chambers
sleep high train low
aerobic performnace
anaerobic performance
explain sleep high train low
sleep at high altitude with low oxygen levels , then train at low altitude when oxygen levels are high
explain aerobic performance
exercise performance is enhanced due to red blood cells being most efficient at uploading oxygen to tissues
anaerobic performance
exercise performance enhances due to an increase in OBLA because of changes in the acid /alkali balance in the blood
name adaptions
increased capilllary
increased mitochondria
oxidiative enzymes
chanhes in the body
hypoxia
altitude sickness
vo2 reduction
increased heart rate
increased breathing rate
