Muscular system adaptions

Question 1

What is the muscle adaption hypertrophy?

Answer 1

-An increase in muscle size from training with greater resistance.
-Increases cross sectional size of existing muscle tissue due to increase in the number of myofibrils and connective tissue which then become more pliable

Question 2

Describe the muscular system adaption of increased tendon strength

Answer 2

-As skeletal muscles become larger, stronger or more efficient, connective tendons adapt to meet increased demands to avoid injury from increased forces of contraction

Question 3

Describe the muscular system adaption of muscle tone

Answer 3

-An unconscious low level contraction of muscle tissue while at rest, achieved via an effective training programme keeping muscle tissue primed.
-This state of constant muscle activation helps maintain balance and posture, and allows or quick reflex actions.

Question 4

Describe the muscular system adaption of muscle endurance

Answer 4

-Endurance training improves muscular endurance by increasing the number of capillaries per area of muscle tissue, increasing oxygen supply to the muscle.

Question 5

Describe the muscular system adaption of hyperplasia

Answer 5

-The action of splitting muscle cells contributing to muscle growth (different from hypertrophy which increases number of individual cells)
-Research into hyperplasia continues and remains controversial and limited evidence suggests it is a recognised adaption.

Question 6

Describe the muscular system adaption of increased mitochondria

Answer 6

-With training , muscles increase oxidative capacity through an increase in the number of mitochondria in the muscle cells, an increased ATP supply and an increase in the quantity of the enzymes involved in respiration

Question 7

Describe the muscular system adaption of increased myoglobin stores

Answer 7

-with training, muscles increase their ability to store glycogen and myoglobin

Question 8

Describe the muscular system adaption of increased storage of glycogen and triglycerides

Answer 8

-with training, muscles increase the ability to store and use both triglycerides and glycogen as energy stores

Question 9

Describe the muscular system adaption of the adaption of muscle fibres

Answer 9

-exercise leads to an increase in the number and size of mitochondria within Type 1 and some Type 11a fibre cells.
-this improves muscle fibres oxidation ability and their capacity to use oxygen

Question 10

Describe the muscular system adaption capillarisation

Answer 10

-exercise enables muscles tissue to increase capillary density, supplying muscles with increased amounts of oxygen, and to remove more carbon dioxide, allowing greater exercise intensity and endurance