Neurology: quiz

Question 1

 Which of the following is a common symptom of cerebellar damage?

over-correcting posture
tremors
disjointed movements
All of the above

Answer 1

All of them

Question 2

X requires the removal of cerebrospinal fluid from the lower back

Answer 2

 Lumbar puncture

Question 3

X – in increased levels – has been implicated in causing ALS

Answer 3

 Glutamate

Question 4

One of the best ways to diagnose meningitis or encephalitis is through X

Answer 4

a spinal tap

Question 5

 A common neurological disorder where a blood clot results in improper oxygen delivery to the brain is known as X

Answer 5

a stroke

Question 6

 When you kick a soccer ball you use the voluntary muscles in your leg. The X controls your voluntary muscle movements

Choose
cerebellum
cerebrum
brain stem

Answer 6

cerebrum

Question 7

 Your body keeps breathing while you sleep thanks to this part of your brain: X

Answer 7

brain stem

Question 8

 An autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of the myelin sheath is called

Answer 8

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 9

 A group of symptoms that point to a decline in a person’s mental ability such that it interferes with their normal daily life and function is called X

Answer 9

dementia

Question 10

 The main cause of most of the destructive effects associated with meningitis is more often due to the X to the inciting cause

Answer 10

immune system’s reaction

Question 11

 A spinal tap reveals an elevated amount of white blood cells, bacteria, and proteins. We may assume that this individual has X

Answer 11

meningitis or encephalitis

Question 12

 The X is responsible for controlling movement, balance, and speech muscles

Answer 12

cerebellum

Question 13

 ALS occurs as a result of atrophy of X

Answer 13

upper and lower motor neurons

Question 14

 Juan was feeling so sick that he drove himself to the emergency room, where he was later diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. Why did the physician prescribe steroids, in addition to a course of antibiotics for treatment of his infection?

Answer 14

= Taking antibiotics alone will not suppress the inflammatory process, which causes the more serious symptoms associated with the infection

Question 15

 Stroke may lead to a problem where recurrent seizures occurs, this is termed X

Answer 15

epilepsy

Question 16

Dennis has recently been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. He is having difficulty seeing and is experiencing seizures. Why are these types of symptoms occurring?

Answer 16

= The inflammatory response trying to kill the bacteria produces swelling and compression of nerves

Question 17

X controls the coordination and balance required when staying upright on a bicycle

Choose:
cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

Answer 17

 Cerebellum

Question 18

How to distinguish between a haemorrhagic stroke vs ischaemic stroke when a patient is in your clinic?

Answer 18

Take a CT scan:

cerebral infarct is not to be seen on a CT-scan in the first few hours
- Haemorrhage: large white dot in cerebral hemisphere

Question 19

Which treatment will be given immediately to a patient with ischaemic stroke?

Answer 19

medicine that dissolve the clot and restore blood flow (via intravenous drain) ASAP. = tPA via infusion

Question 20

Why do you need to treat a stroke patient within 4.5 hrs?

Answer 20

More than 4.5 hours between stroke and treatment, treatment = dangerous. There an infarction and tissue and vessels become vulnerable to bleed. Administering blood-dissolving agents: bleeding occurs -> haemorrhagic stroke!

Question 21

What happens when thrombolysis does not work?

Answer 21

Special CT-scan with contrast medium (other concentration than perfusion scans)
 Catheter: mechanically remove the clot
 Change up to 12 hrs to improve condition
 Sometimes even after 24 hrs

= IAT: intra-arterial thrombectomy

Question 22

How often do clots form bc of cardiac arrhythmia?

Answer 22

25%

Question 23

What is lifelong treatment after stroke?

Answer 23

platelet aggregation inhibitors (aspirin, clopidogrel)
Treatment risk factors (smoking, obesity, exercise, diet)

Question 24

What is more deadly: haemorrhage or ischaemic stroke?

Answer 24

haemorrhage