Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 4 Child Health > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common paediatric medical emergency

A

status epilepticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

for the collapsed/convulsing child, what should you think about

A 
electrical shock 
ingestion 
trauma 
hypoglycaemia 
brady/tachy arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is status epilepticus

A

ongoing seizure for at least 5 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

management of collapsed/convulsing child in hospital

A

ABCDE(DEFG)
IV/IO lorazepam 0.1mg/kg
OR buccal midazolam 0.5mg/kg OR PR diazepam 0.5mg/kg
after 10 min, if still fitting give IV/IO lorazepam and call for senior help
phenytoin / phenobarbitone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

All fits are epilepsy, true or false

A

false!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

taking a history for a convulsing child

A 
history of child 
what were they doing before the event 
how did the event start 
how did it progress, what did it look like, what did you hear 
how did it end 
has it happened again
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

D.Dx of convulsions in neonates

A 
benign myoclonus of infancy 
reflux 
normal baby movements 
neonatal seizures 
infantile spasms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

D.Dx of convulsions in infants/toddlers/preschooler

A 
reflex anoxic seizures 
breath holding attack 
syncope/cardiac 
gratification 
tics and stereotypies 
febrile convulsions 
symptomatic seizures 
epilepsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

features of febrile convulsions

A

6mth - 6yrs
in context of infection (Not CNS)
temp >38
simple vs complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

criteria for febrile seizure

A 
>1mth old 
childhood seizure 
febrile illness 
no CNS infection 
no previous neonatal/unprovoked sezires 
doesnt meet criteria for other seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the subtypes of febrile seizure

A

simple
complex
febrile status epilepticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe simple febrile seizure

A

<15 min
generalised
no recurrence within 24 hours
no post ictal pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe complex febrile seizure

A

> 15 min
focal
may have repetitive seizures
Todd’s paresis may be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe febrile status epilepticus

A

> 30 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RF for recurrent febrile seizures

A

age of onset <18 mth
fever <39
FH in 1st degree relative
shorter duration of fever before seizure
multiple seizures during the same febrile period
day nursery attendence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

advice for parents regarding febrile seizures

A

protect child from harm
do not restrain child or put anything in their mouth
ABCDE and BLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most children with febrile seizures dont develop epilepsy, true or false

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

D.Dx of convulsions in school age children

A

syncope

cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

features of syncope

A 
vagal symptoms: 
tunnel vision / hearing 
feeling hot / needing a drink 
go deathly pale 
occur when standing / hot / cyclical / growth spurts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what should you ask about if you suspect cardiac cause of convulsions

A

FH of sudden death

occurring wile exercising, sitting or nocturnal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which epilepsies are specific to childhood

A

childhood absence epilepsy
benign epilepsy of childhood with centro-temporal spikes
juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (early adolesence)

22
Q

investigations for convulsions

A 
ECG 
video recording 
EEG (not diagnostic)
MRI brain - if focal onset 
genetics
23
Q

define epilepsy

A
  1. at least 2 unprovoked seizures occurring >24hr apart
  2. 1 unprovoked seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk after 2 unprovoked seizures occurring over the next 10 years
  3. diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome
24
Q

what tool can you use to assess the unconscious child

A

AVPU

GCS

25
Q

what paediatric specific components should you look for in D+E of ABCDE

A 
pupil size and reactivity and fundi 
posture 
neck stiffness 
fontanelle 
rash 
fever
26
Q

what are the reversible causes of an unconscious child

A 
4H - hypoxia, hypoglycaemia, hypothermia, hypo/hypertension 
infection 
ingestion 
trauma 
metabolic conditions 
^ICP 
stroke
27
Q

what are the 3 time sensitive neurological emergencies

A

seizure/convulsion
unconscious child
acute paralysis

28
Q

other acute neurological presentations

A 
paralysis 
progressive weakness 
progressive ataxia 
dizziness 
loss of skills 
funny eye movements
29
Q

indications for urgent brain imaging

A 
altered conscious level --> CT
focal seizures --> CT 
CN involvement or focal neruology --> CT 
raised ICP --> CT 
spinal cord injury / compression --> MRI
30
Q

how to tell if its a seizure

A 
bilateral fixed dilated pupils 
unresponsive 
stiffening 
urinary incontinence 
tongue biting 
eye rolling
31
Q

phenytoin side effects

A

venotoxic

32
Q

phenobarbitone side effects

A

sedative

33
Q

what are infantile spams

A

rare events but almost always indicate severe underlying neurological problem

34
Q

what is Sandifer syndrome

A

condition involving spasmodic torsional dystonia with arching (hyperextension) of the back and rigid opisthotonic posturing associated with symptomatic GORD, oesophagitis or hiatus hernia

35
Q

what are infantile spasms

A

rare seizure disorder occurring in young children usually <1 year old

36
Q

features of infantile spasms

A

subtle, hard to recognise
sudden bending forward and stiffening of body, arms and legs
extensor spams - arms and legs fly outwards
episodes occur in clusters with each episode lasting 1-2 sec with a pause then further spasm
little head drops

37
Q

pathology behind infantile spasms

A

chaotic brainwave pattern causes loss of skills and brain damage
longer it goes unrecognised, the greater the impact on future development

38
Q

describe reflex anoxic seizures

A

not epileptic seizures

can be triggered by a bump to the head or getting a fright resulting in a momentary drop in oxygen to the brain

39
Q

what cardiac cause of seizures/convulsions must you rule out

A

LQTS

also HOCM and aortic stenosis

40
Q

examples of childhood motor stereotypies

A 
hand flapping 
twisting 
body rocking 
head banging 
face or mouth stretching 
(must be impairing normal daily activity to be classed as this)
41
Q

D.Dx of motor stereotypies

A 
tic disorder / tourette syndrome 
compulsions 
paroxysmal dyskinesias 
seizures 
myoclonus 
dystonia
42
Q

onset of tic disorers

A

begin 4-5 yr but dont present until 9-10 yr

43
Q

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3992090/

A

useful article on tics

44
Q

what is Tourette’s syndrome

A

tics are multiple and a phonic tic is present at some point over a period of at least 1 year
onset before 18yr, present on a daily basis and not related to PMH, DH…

45
Q

what are compulsions

A

movements of ritualistic behaviours to reduce stress

on a background of inflexibility and intrusive thoughts

46
Q

what are paroxysmal dyskinesias

A

encompass conditions where there is excess unwanted movement e.g. tics, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, tremor

47
Q

what is epilepsy

A

condition characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures

48
Q

https://epi-care.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/SIGN-81_Diagnosis-and-management-of-epilepsy-in-children-and-young-people_2005.pdf

A

useful SIGN guideline for epilepsy

49
Q

what are breath holding attacks

A

child is crying and breathes out but forgets to breathe in therefore turn blue

50
Q

risk of recurrence of febrile seizure

A

25%

Year 4 Child Health (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions