Allergies Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between an allergy and an intolerance

A

allergy - immune reaction which is either immediate or delayed
intolerance - tends to be GI and tends to be a direct effect of food, i.e. not immune

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2
Q

lactose intolerance is common in kids, true or false

A

false

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3
Q

what are the types of allergies

A

immediate hypersensitivity

delayed hypersensitivity

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4
Q

atopy

A
asthma 
eczema 
hayfever 
allergic rhinits 
food allergies 
all linked - IgE mediated
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5
Q

mediator of immediate hypersensitivity

A

IgE

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6
Q

features of IgE mediated food allergy

A

instantaneous - 2hours

lots of systems implicated

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7
Q

manifestations of IgE mediated food allergy

A
urticaria 
angioedema - swelling of subcut tissues 
allergic conjunctivitis 
sick
wheeze 
anaphylaxis
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8
Q

how do you diagnose IgE mediated food allergy

A

blood tests - IgE levels

skin prick - with histamine, immediate result, done by trained person only

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9
Q

tests for IgE mediated food allergy are very useful, true or false

A

false, they are useless

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10
Q

what is a true test for IgE mediated food allergy

A

food challenge - eating the food

only done if there are 2 options e.g. strawberries and cream

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11
Q

what is the only tolerance you can test for

A

gluten - Coeliacs

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12
Q

what is the main investigation for intolerances

A

excluding it from your diet

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13
Q

peanuts are not nuts, true or false

A

true

they are legumes

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14
Q

what is anaphylaxis

A

a severe life threatening hypersensitivity reaction

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15
Q

management of type 1 allergy

A

avoid allergen
antihistamine +- steroid
adrenaline / epipen
immunotherapy ?

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16
Q

what is immunotherapy

A

giving the patient what they are allergic to in small amounts over long periods of time
means it can protect you from accidental exposure

17
Q

you can be allergic do raw egg and not cooked egg, true or false

A

true! both are different

18
Q

most kids grow out of egg allergy, true or false

19
Q

chronic urticaria is a sign of IgE mediated food allergy, true or false

A

false, NOT a food allergy

20
Q

what is oral allergy syndrome

A

allergy to the pollen in the skin of the fruit - most commonly birth tree pollen

21
Q

if you have urticaria, it means you have a food allergy, true or false

22
Q

what are delayed onset hypersensitivity reactions

A

cell mediated process

23
Q

are there tests for delayed onset hypersensitivity reactions

24
Q

what is CMPA/CMPI

A

cow milk protein allergy/intolerance in the first year of life
GI symptoms / eczema flare to cows milk

25
management of CMPA
mum should avoid dairy if breastfeeding try hydrolysed protein formula or amino acid based formula can rechallenge afterwards
26
do babies grow out of CMPA
yes after 1 year | reintroduce after a year
27
is CMPA IgE mediated
no, it is cell mediated
28
what drugs are given for allergies
antihistamine - chlorphenamine steroid - prednnisolone adrenaline device
29
when using an epipen, what phrase can you use to correctly administer it
orange to thigh, blue to sky NB can go through clothing must administer on outer aspect of thigh
30
soy milk is not used for <6months, true or false
true