Allergies

Question 1

what is the difference between an allergy and an intolerance

Answer 1

allergy - immune reaction which is either immediate or delayed
intolerance - tends to be GI and tends to be a direct effect of food, i.e. not immune

Question 2

lactose intolerance is common in kids, true or false

Answer 2

false

Question 3

what are the types of allergies

Answer 3

immediate hypersensitivity

delayed hypersensitivity

Question 4

atopy

Answer 4

asthma 
eczema 
hayfever 
allergic rhinits 
food allergies 
all linked - IgE mediated

Question 5

mediator of immediate hypersensitivity

Answer 5

IgE

Question 6

features of IgE mediated food allergy

Answer 6

instantaneous - 2hours

lots of systems implicated

Question 7

manifestations of IgE mediated food allergy

Answer 7

urticaria 
angioedema - swelling of subcut tissues 
allergic conjunctivitis 
sick
wheeze 
anaphylaxis

Question 8

how do you diagnose IgE mediated food allergy

Answer 8

blood tests - IgE levels

skin prick - with histamine, immediate result, done by trained person only

Question 9

tests for IgE mediated food allergy are very useful, true or false

Answer 9

false, they are useless

Question 10

what is a true test for IgE mediated food allergy

Answer 10

food challenge - eating the food

only done if there are 2 options e.g. strawberries and cream

Question 11

what is the only tolerance you can test for

Answer 11

gluten - Coeliacs

Question 12

what is the main investigation for intolerances

Answer 12

excluding it from your diet

Question 13

peanuts are not nuts, true or false

Answer 13

true

they are legumes

Question 14

what is anaphylaxis

Answer 14

a severe life threatening hypersensitivity reaction

Question 15

management of type 1 allergy

Answer 15

avoid allergen
antihistamine +- steroid
adrenaline / epipen
immunotherapy ?

Question 16

what is immunotherapy

Answer 16

giving the patient what they are allergic to in small amounts over long periods of time
means it can protect you from accidental exposure

Question 17

you can be allergic do raw egg and not cooked egg, true or false

Answer 17

true! both are different

Question 18

most kids grow out of egg allergy, true or false

Answer 18

true

Question 19

chronic urticaria is a sign of IgE mediated food allergy, true or false

Answer 19

false, NOT a food allergy

Question 20

what is oral allergy syndrome

Answer 20

allergy to the pollen in the skin of the fruit - most commonly birth tree pollen

Question 21

if you have urticaria, it means you have a food allergy, true or false

Answer 21

false

Question 22

what are delayed onset hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 22

cell mediated process

Question 23

are there tests for delayed onset hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 23

no tests

Question 24

what is CMPA/CMPI

Answer 24

cow milk protein allergy/intolerance in the first year of life
GI symptoms / eczema flare to cows milk

Question 25

management of CMPA

Answer 25

mum should avoid dairy if breastfeeding
try hydrolysed protein formula or amino acid based formula
can rechallenge afterwards

Question 26

do babies grow out of CMPA

Answer 26

yes after 1 year

reintroduce after a year

Question 27

is CMPA IgE mediated

Answer 27

no, it is cell mediated

Question 28

what drugs are given for allergies

Answer 28

antihistamine - chlorphenamine
steroid - prednnisolone
adrenaline device

Question 29

when using an epipen, what phrase can you use to correctly administer it

Answer 29

orange to thigh, blue to sky
NB can go through clothing
must administer on outer aspect of thigh

Question 30

soy milk is not used for <6months, true or false

Answer 30

true