Allergies Flashcards
what is the difference between an allergy and an intolerance
allergy - immune reaction which is either immediate or delayed
intolerance - tends to be GI and tends to be a direct effect of food, i.e. not immune
lactose intolerance is common in kids, true or false
false
what are the types of allergies
immediate hypersensitivity
delayed hypersensitivity
atopy
asthma eczema hayfever allergic rhinits food allergies all linked - IgE mediated
mediator of immediate hypersensitivity
IgE
features of IgE mediated food allergy
instantaneous - 2hours
lots of systems implicated
manifestations of IgE mediated food allergy
urticaria angioedema - swelling of subcut tissues allergic conjunctivitis sick wheeze anaphylaxis
how do you diagnose IgE mediated food allergy
blood tests - IgE levels
skin prick - with histamine, immediate result, done by trained person only
tests for IgE mediated food allergy are very useful, true or false
false, they are useless
what is a true test for IgE mediated food allergy
food challenge - eating the food
only done if there are 2 options e.g. strawberries and cream
what is the only tolerance you can test for
gluten - Coeliacs
what is the main investigation for intolerances
excluding it from your diet
peanuts are not nuts, true or false
true
they are legumes
what is anaphylaxis
a severe life threatening hypersensitivity reaction
management of type 1 allergy
avoid allergen
antihistamine +- steroid
adrenaline / epipen
immunotherapy ?
what is immunotherapy
giving the patient what they are allergic to in small amounts over long periods of time
means it can protect you from accidental exposure
you can be allergic do raw egg and not cooked egg, true or false
true! both are different
most kids grow out of egg allergy, true or false
true
chronic urticaria is a sign of IgE mediated food allergy, true or false
false, NOT a food allergy
what is oral allergy syndrome
allergy to the pollen in the skin of the fruit - most commonly birth tree pollen
if you have urticaria, it means you have a food allergy, true or false
false
what are delayed onset hypersensitivity reactions
cell mediated process
are there tests for delayed onset hypersensitivity reactions
no tests
what is CMPA/CMPI
cow milk protein allergy/intolerance in the first year of life
GI symptoms / eczema flare to cows milk
management of CMPA
mum should avoid dairy if breastfeeding
try hydrolysed protein formula or amino acid based formula
can rechallenge afterwards
do babies grow out of CMPA
yes after 1 year
reintroduce after a year
is CMPA IgE mediated
no, it is cell mediated
what drugs are given for allergies
antihistamine - chlorphenamine
steroid - prednnisolone
adrenaline device
when using an epipen, what phrase can you use to correctly administer it
orange to thigh, blue to sky
NB can go through clothing
must administer on outer aspect of thigh
soy milk is not used for <6months, true or false
true
