Miscellaneous

Question 1

what are milia

Answer 1

milk spots
little keratin filled cysts
entirely normal in newborn skin
epsteins pearls if inside mouth

Question 2

what colour growth charts are for boys and girls

Answer 2

boy - blue

girl - pink

Question 3

what is sturge webers syndrome

Answer 3

rare genetic condition with a capillary malformation birthmark affecting one half of the face
and capillary venous malformations affecting the brain and eyes - seizures

Question 4

what is a capillary haemangioma

Answer 4

birthmark

doesnt tend to fade

Question 5

salmon patches tend to fade, true or false

Answer 5

true

Question 6

what is erythema toxicum

Answer 6

common normal transient newborn baby rash - located on buttocks, lower back, legs
appears a few days after birth then disappears after a few weeks
erythematous - few papules, pustules which come and go, they are like bubbles
transient

Question 7

what skin condition is caused by pox virus and has autoinnoculation

Answer 7

molluscum contagiosum

Question 8

what does cryotherapy do for molluscum contagiosum

Answer 8

inflame them and your own immune system deals with them

Question 9

what virus causes slapped cheek

Answer 9

parovirus B19 / erythrovirus

Question 10

what types of blood cells are affected in slapped cheek

Answer 10

RBC - erythrovirus

stops you making them for 10 days

Question 11

which group of patients would be concerned about a parovirus B19 infection

Answer 11

haemoglobinopathies - they are on the edge of anaemia because of haemolysis and so infection can be severe

Question 12

general management for viral infection

Answer 12

paracetamol and supportive

reassure

Question 13

what is scarlet fever

Answer 13

bacterial infection caused by exotoxin producing group A strep
probably from strep throat

Question 14

features of scarlet fever

Answer 14

perioral pallor 
fever 
rough sandpaper rash 
strawberry tongue 
flu like symptoms 
lymphadenopathy 
can predispose you to rheumatic fever

Question 15

management of scarlet fever

Answer 15

IV penicillin for strep

Question 16

what is impetigo

Answer 16

infection by staph A or strep

Question 17

can you go to school with impetigo?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

features of herpes stomatitis

Answer 18

florid stomatitis with punched out sore lesions
sometimes in mouth
unable to drink or eat

Question 19

cigarette burn

Answer 19

round circular red lesion

Question 20

cause of chicken pox

Answer 20

varicella zoster

Question 21

what is an exanthem

Answer 21

rash alongside a fever

Question 22

features of measles

Answer 22

fever
unwell
koplick spots
widespread rash

Question 23

what is Waardenburg syndrome (WS)

Answer 23

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a group of genetic conditions characterised by varying degrees of hearing loss and differences in the colouring (pigmentation) of the eyes, hair, and skin.

Question 24

how much on average is a normal feed for babies

Answer 24

150ml/kg/day

Question 25

what is roseola infantum

Answer 25

common disease of infancy caused by HHV6 | fever, maculopapular rash, febrile convulsions

Question 26

which virus causes measles

Answer 26

RNA paramyxovirus

Question 27

what are common infections that are a source of fever seen in paediatrics

Answer 27

``` meningitis otitis media croup tonsillitis pneumonia UTI osteomyelitis / septic arthritis surgical causes ```

Question 28

Signs of meningitis in childern

Answer 28

``` bulging fontanelle non-blanching rash neck stiffness photophobia runny nose fever ```

Question 29

features of kawasaki disease

Answer 29

``` more commonly seen in under 2's fever >39 for at least 5 days rash - maculopapular conjunctivitis mucous membrane changes - strawberry tongue, sore mouth cervical lymphadenopathy desquamation of fingers and toes coronary artery spasm ```

Question 30

symptoms of meningitis in children

Answer 30

``` fever neck stiffness vomiting headache bulging fontanelle photophobia sleepy / unarousable confusion seizures ```

Question 31

symptoms and signs of meningococcal septicaemia

Answer 31

``` fever rigors rash - non blanching tachypnoea tachycardia pale / mottled skin cold hands and feet sleepy confused MSK pain ```

Question 32

causes of maculopapular rashes

Answer 32

rubella measles kawasaki disease Scarlet fever

Question 33

causes of a vesicular rash

Answer 33

chicken pox HSV shingles

Question 34

leukaemia can appear with petechiae or purpura, true or false

Answer 34

true | child will appear clinically anaemic

Question 35

causes of fits/seizures in children

Answer 35

``` infection - meningitis, encephalitis febrile seizures epilepsy poisoning NAI head injury ```

Question 36

key aspects in a history for seizures

Answer 36

``` warning signs duration aware of surroundings abnormal movements eye position colour tone urinary incontinence tongue biting recovery timing post event headache hypoglycaemia ```

Question 37

vasovagal faints happen in which ages

Answer 37

>=7 years old

Question 38

what antibiotics do you give for meningitis in under 3 months and why

Answer 38

IV cefotaxime | IV amoxicillin - for listeria protection

Question 39

what is a slate grey naevus

Answer 39

blue pigmentation seen on buttocks, back, arms unchanging more common in darker skin tones

Question 40

what is talipes equinovarus

Answer 40

'clubfoot' common refer to orthopaedics

Question 41

is talipes positional?

Answer 41

no

Question 42

chignon

Answer 42

raised in the middle

Question 43

what is caput seccuduenum

Answer 43

boggy swelling | crosses suture lines

Question 44

features of cephalohaematoma

Answer 44

bleed under periosteum of bone does not cross sutures no direct harm jaundice from collection of blood in head - keep an eye on them

Question 45

do babies with an umbilical hernia require repair

Answer 45

no usually gets better itself, its harmless unless it is still there by 2yo (more common in premature babies)

Question 46

does an inguinal hernia require repair

Answer 46

yes, risk of bowel strangulation

Question 47

what is amblyopia

Answer 47

lazy eye - one eye sees better than the other brain switches off the lazy eye patch the good eye to make bad eye work harder

Question 48

causes of convergent squint

Answer 48

amblyopia | pseudosquint

Question 49

pseudosquint

Answer 49

epicanthic folds | self limiting

Question 50

differential diagnosis for neck lumps

Answer 50

infectious e.g. glandular lymph nodes lymphadenitis branchial cyst cystic hygroma

Question 51

branchial cyst

Answer 51

``` fluctuates does not transilluminate usually unilateral embryological remnant that appear in older ages doesnt usually cause harm ```

Question 52

genu valgum can be associated with downs syndrome, true or false

Answer 52

true

Question 53

features of knock knees / genu valgum

Answer 53

entirely normal variant in younger kids | not normal in older kids

Question 54

bardet beidl

Answer 54

low tone developmental issues polydactyly

Question 55

polydactyly may be a soft dysmorphic sign, true or false

Answer 55

true | look at rest of the child to see whether it could be part of a syndrome etc

Question 56

plagiocephaly / flat head

Answer 56

from lying/sleeping on their back | when babies start to sit up, it should improve

Question 57

when should babies sit up unsupported

Answer 57

6 months

Question 58

what are the criteria for tonsillitis getting antibiotics

Answer 58

``` absence of cough fever cervical lymphadenopathy exudative tonsillitis <12yo ```

Question 59

what can give you exudative tonsillitis

Answer 59

strep EBV do a swab