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Year 4 Child Health > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

what are milia

A

milk spots
little keratin filled cysts
entirely normal in newborn skin
epsteins pearls if inside mouth

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2
Q

what colour growth charts are for boys and girls

A

boy - blue

girl - pink

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3
Q

what is sturge webers syndrome

A

rare genetic condition with a capillary malformation birthmark affecting one half of the face
and capillary venous malformations affecting the brain and eyes - seizures

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4
Q

what is a capillary haemangioma

A

birthmark

doesnt tend to fade

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5
Q

salmon patches tend to fade, true or false

A

true

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6
Q

what is erythema toxicum

A

common normal transient newborn baby rash - located on buttocks, lower back, legs
appears a few days after birth then disappears after a few weeks
erythematous - few papules, pustules which come and go, they are like bubbles
transient

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7
Q

what skin condition is caused by pox virus and has autoinnoculation

A

molluscum contagiosum

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8
Q

what does cryotherapy do for molluscum contagiosum

A

inflame them and your own immune system deals with them

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9
Q

what virus causes slapped cheek

A

parovirus B19 / erythrovirus

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10
Q

what types of blood cells are affected in slapped cheek

A

RBC - erythrovirus

stops you making them for 10 days

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11
Q

which group of patients would be concerned about a parovirus B19 infection

A

haemoglobinopathies - they are on the edge of anaemia because of haemolysis and so infection can be severe

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12
Q

general management for viral infection

A

paracetamol and supportive

reassure

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13
Q

what is scarlet fever

A

bacterial infection caused by exotoxin producing group A strep
probably from strep throat

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14
Q

features of scarlet fever

A 
perioral pallor 
fever 
rough sandpaper rash 
strawberry tongue 
flu like symptoms 
lymphadenopathy 
can predispose you to rheumatic fever
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15
Q

management of scarlet fever

A

IV penicillin for strep

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16
Q

what is impetigo

A

infection by staph A or strep

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17
Q

can you go to school with impetigo?

A

No

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18
Q

features of herpes stomatitis

A

florid stomatitis with punched out sore lesions
sometimes in mouth
unable to drink or eat

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19
Q

cigarette burn

A

round circular red lesion

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20
Q

cause of chicken pox

A

varicella zoster

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21
Q

what is an exanthem

A

rash alongside a fever

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22
Q

features of measles

A

fever
unwell
koplick spots
widespread rash

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23
Q

what is Waardenburg syndrome (WS)

A

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a group of genetic conditions characterised by varying degrees of hearing loss and differences in the colouring (pigmentation) of the eyes, hair, and skin.

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24
Q

how much on average is a normal feed for babies

A

150ml/kg/day

25
Q

what is roseola infantum

A

common disease of infancy caused by HHV6

fever, maculopapular rash, febrile convulsions

26
Q

which virus causes measles

A

RNA paramyxovirus

27
Q

what are common infections that are a source of fever seen in paediatrics

A 
meningitis 
otitis media 
croup 
tonsillitis 
pneumonia 
UTI 
osteomyelitis / septic arthritis 
surgical causes
28
Q

Signs of meningitis in childern

A 
bulging fontanelle 
non-blanching rash 
neck stiffness 
photophobia 
runny nose 
fever
29
Q

features of kawasaki disease

A 
more commonly seen in under 2's
fever >39 for at least 5 days 
rash - maculopapular 
conjunctivitis 
mucous membrane changes - strawberry tongue, sore mouth 
cervical lymphadenopathy
desquamation of fingers and toes 
coronary artery spasm
30
Q

symptoms of meningitis in children

A 
fever 
neck stiffness 
vomiting 
headache 
bulging fontanelle 
photophobia 
sleepy / unarousable 
confusion 
seizures
31
Q

symptoms and signs of meningococcal septicaemia

A 
fever 
rigors 
rash - non blanching 
tachypnoea 
tachycardia 
pale / mottled skin 
cold hands and feet 
sleepy 
confused 
MSK pain
32
Q

causes of maculopapular rashes

A

rubella
measles
kawasaki disease
Scarlet fever

33
Q

causes of a vesicular rash

A

chicken pox
HSV
shingles

34
Q

leukaemia can appear with petechiae or purpura, true or false

A

true

child will appear clinically anaemic

35
Q

causes of fits/seizures in children

A 
infection - meningitis, encephalitis 
febrile seizures 
epilepsy 
poisoning 
NAI 
head injury
36
Q

key aspects in a history for seizures

A 
warning signs 
duration 
aware of surroundings 
abnormal movements 
eye position 
colour 
tone 
urinary incontinence 
tongue biting 
recovery timing 
post event headache 
hypoglycaemia
37
Q

vasovagal faints happen in which ages

A

> =7 years old

38
Q

what antibiotics do you give for meningitis in under 3 months and why

A

IV cefotaxime

IV amoxicillin - for listeria protection

39
Q

what is a slate grey naevus

A

blue pigmentation
seen on buttocks, back, arms
unchanging
more common in darker skin tones

40
Q

what is talipes equinovarus

A

‘clubfoot’
common
refer to orthopaedics

41
Q

is talipes positional?

A

no

42
Q

chignon

A

raised in the middle

43
Q

what is caput seccuduenum

A

boggy swelling

crosses suture lines

44
Q

features of cephalohaematoma

A

bleed under periosteum of bone
does not cross sutures
no direct harm
jaundice from collection of blood in head - keep an eye on them

45
Q

do babies with an umbilical hernia require repair

A

no
usually gets better itself, its harmless
unless it is still there by 2yo
(more common in premature babies)

46
Q

does an inguinal hernia require repair

A

yes, risk of bowel strangulation

47
Q

what is amblyopia

A

lazy eye - one eye sees better than the other
brain switches off the lazy eye
patch the good eye to make bad eye work harder

48
Q

causes of convergent squint

A

amblyopia

pseudosquint

49
Q

pseudosquint

A

epicanthic folds

self limiting

50
Q

differential diagnosis for neck lumps

A

infectious e.g. glandular lymph nodes
lymphadenitis
branchial cyst
cystic hygroma

51
Q

branchial cyst

A 
fluctuates
does not transilluminate 
usually unilateral 
embryological remnant that appear in older ages 
doesnt usually cause harm
52
Q

genu valgum can be associated with downs syndrome, true or false

A

true

53
Q

features of knock knees / genu valgum

A

entirely normal variant in younger kids

not normal in older kids

54
Q

bardet beidl

A

low tone
developmental issues
polydactyly

55
Q

polydactyly may be a soft dysmorphic sign, true or false

A

true

look at rest of the child to see whether it could be part of a syndrome etc

56
Q

plagiocephaly / flat head

A

from lying/sleeping on their back

when babies start to sit up, it should improve

57
Q

when should babies sit up unsupported

A

6 months

58
Q

what are the criteria for tonsillitis getting antibiotics

A 
absence of cough 
fever 
cervical lymphadenopathy 
exudative tonsillitis 
<12yo
59
Q

what can give you exudative tonsillitis

A

strep
EBV
do a swab

Year 4 Child Health (22 decks)

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