Miscellaneous Flashcards
what are milia
milk spots
little keratin filled cysts
entirely normal in newborn skin
epsteins pearls if inside mouth
what colour growth charts are for boys and girls
boy - blue
girl - pink
what is sturge webers syndrome
rare genetic condition with a capillary malformation birthmark affecting one half of the face
and capillary venous malformations affecting the brain and eyes - seizures
what is a capillary haemangioma
birthmark
doesnt tend to fade
salmon patches tend to fade, true or false
true
what is erythema toxicum
common normal transient newborn baby rash - located on buttocks, lower back, legs
appears a few days after birth then disappears after a few weeks
erythematous - few papules, pustules which come and go, they are like bubbles
transient
what skin condition is caused by pox virus and has autoinnoculation
molluscum contagiosum
what does cryotherapy do for molluscum contagiosum
inflame them and your own immune system deals with them
what virus causes slapped cheek
parovirus B19 / erythrovirus
what types of blood cells are affected in slapped cheek
RBC - erythrovirus
stops you making them for 10 days
which group of patients would be concerned about a parovirus B19 infection
haemoglobinopathies - they are on the edge of anaemia because of haemolysis and so infection can be severe
general management for viral infection
paracetamol and supportive
reassure
what is scarlet fever
bacterial infection caused by exotoxin producing group A strep
probably from strep throat
features of scarlet fever
perioral pallor fever rough sandpaper rash strawberry tongue flu like symptoms lymphadenopathy can predispose you to rheumatic fever
management of scarlet fever
IV penicillin for strep
what is impetigo
infection by staph A or strep
can you go to school with impetigo?
No
features of herpes stomatitis
florid stomatitis with punched out sore lesions
sometimes in mouth
unable to drink or eat
cigarette burn
round circular red lesion
cause of chicken pox
varicella zoster
what is an exanthem
rash alongside a fever
features of measles
fever
unwell
koplick spots
widespread rash
what is Waardenburg syndrome (WS)
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a group of genetic conditions characterised by varying degrees of hearing loss and differences in the colouring (pigmentation) of the eyes, hair, and skin.
how much on average is a normal feed for babies
150ml/kg/day
what is roseola infantum
common disease of infancy caused by HHV6
fever, maculopapular rash, febrile convulsions
which virus causes measles
RNA paramyxovirus
what are common infections that are a source of fever seen in paediatrics
meningitis otitis media croup tonsillitis pneumonia UTI osteomyelitis / septic arthritis surgical causes
Signs of meningitis in childern
bulging fontanelle non-blanching rash neck stiffness photophobia runny nose fever
features of kawasaki disease
more commonly seen in under 2's fever >39 for at least 5 days rash - maculopapular conjunctivitis mucous membrane changes - strawberry tongue, sore mouth cervical lymphadenopathy desquamation of fingers and toes coronary artery spasm
symptoms of meningitis in children
fever neck stiffness vomiting headache bulging fontanelle photophobia sleepy / unarousable confusion seizures
symptoms and signs of meningococcal septicaemia
fever rigors rash - non blanching tachypnoea tachycardia pale / mottled skin cold hands and feet sleepy confused MSK pain
causes of maculopapular rashes
rubella
measles
kawasaki disease
Scarlet fever
causes of a vesicular rash
chicken pox
HSV
shingles
leukaemia can appear with petechiae or purpura, true or false
true
child will appear clinically anaemic
causes of fits/seizures in children
infection - meningitis, encephalitis febrile seizures epilepsy poisoning NAI head injury
key aspects in a history for seizures
warning signs duration aware of surroundings abnormal movements eye position colour tone urinary incontinence tongue biting recovery timing post event headache hypoglycaemia
vasovagal faints happen in which ages
> =7 years old
what antibiotics do you give for meningitis in under 3 months and why
IV cefotaxime
IV amoxicillin - for listeria protection
what is a slate grey naevus
blue pigmentation
seen on buttocks, back, arms
unchanging
more common in darker skin tones
what is talipes equinovarus
‘clubfoot’
common
refer to orthopaedics
is talipes positional?
no
chignon
raised in the middle
what is caput seccuduenum
boggy swelling
crosses suture lines
features of cephalohaematoma
bleed under periosteum of bone
does not cross sutures
no direct harm
jaundice from collection of blood in head - keep an eye on them
do babies with an umbilical hernia require repair
no
usually gets better itself, its harmless
unless it is still there by 2yo
(more common in premature babies)
does an inguinal hernia require repair
yes, risk of bowel strangulation
what is amblyopia
lazy eye - one eye sees better than the other
brain switches off the lazy eye
patch the good eye to make bad eye work harder
causes of convergent squint
amblyopia
pseudosquint
pseudosquint
epicanthic folds
self limiting
differential diagnosis for neck lumps
infectious e.g. glandular lymph nodes
lymphadenitis
branchial cyst
cystic hygroma
branchial cyst
fluctuates does not transilluminate usually unilateral embryological remnant that appear in older ages doesnt usually cause harm
genu valgum can be associated with downs syndrome, true or false
true
features of knock knees / genu valgum
entirely normal variant in younger kids
not normal in older kids
bardet beidl
low tone
developmental issues
polydactyly
polydactyly may be a soft dysmorphic sign, true or false
true
look at rest of the child to see whether it could be part of a syndrome etc
plagiocephaly / flat head
from lying/sleeping on their back
when babies start to sit up, it should improve
when should babies sit up unsupported
6 months
what are the criteria for tonsillitis getting antibiotics
absence of cough fever cervical lymphadenopathy exudative tonsillitis <12yo
what can give you exudative tonsillitis
strep
EBV
do a swab
