Growth, puberty and adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

what is EAR

A

estimated average requirement

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2
Q

what is RNI

A

reference nutrient intake
set at 2SD above the estimated average requirement
therefore likely to meet the needs of 97.5% of population

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3
Q

what is standard deviation SD

A

measure of variability

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4
Q

what is the z-score

A

number of SD from the mean

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5
Q

you need more than 1 measurement to determine a normal growth rate, true or false

A

true

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6
Q

what is a centile space

A

distance between 2 centile lines

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7
Q

how many phases does a height velocity graph have

A

3
babies –> nutrition
children –> GH
Puberty –> sex steroid hormones

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8
Q

what happens for puberty to occur

A

increase in GnRH secretion by the hypothalamus causing a pulsatile increase in LH secretion leading to development of secondary sexual characteristics

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9
Q

what is the average age of puberty onset in girls and boys

A

girls - 11yo (anything >8)

boys - 11.5yo (anything >9)

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10
Q

what system is used to stage puberty

A

Tanner staging

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11
Q

what does Tanner staging measure in boys and girls

A

boys - testicular volume (orchidometer)

girls - breast size

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12
Q

what testicular volume would be considered as entering puberty

A

> 4ml

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13
Q

what is the order of onset of the following features of puberty in girls
thelarche, menarche and adrenarche

A

thelarche - breast budding
adrenarche - pubic then axillary hair and odour
menarche - periods starting

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14
Q

what is thelarche

A

breast budding

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15
Q

what is adrenarche

A

body hair and odour

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16
Q

define true central precocious puberty TCPP

A

when normal puberty occurs abnormally early i.e. girls<8 and boys<9

17
Q

define pubertal delay

A

absence of secondary sexual characteristics in:
girls >13 (no breast development)
boys >14 (no testicular development)

18
Q

at what ages is peak height velocity for girls and boys

A

girls - 12yo

boys - 14yo

19
Q

true or false:
boys have earlier PHV
girls PHV > boys PHV
boys are taller pre puberty

A

false, boys have delayed PHV
false, boys PHV > girls PHV
true, boys are taller pre puberty

20
Q

classifications of short stature

A
genetic 
constitutional 
dysmorphic 
endocrine 
chronic 
psychosocial deprivation
21
Q

define genetic short stature

A

healthy well child who has short parents

22
Q

define constitutional short stature

A

delayed maturation causing short stature, delayed bone age

23
Q

what can be used to identify constitutional short stature

24
Q

causes of dysmorphic short stature

A

Down’s

Turner’s

25
Causes of endocrine short stature
thyroid GH pituitary
26
causes of chronic short stature
IBD heart disease coeliac
27
what is bone age
used to radiologically assess the biological and structural maturity of bone in immature patients - used for growth and endocrine disorders
28
precocious puberty can lead to advanced bone age, true or false
true
29
define short stature
<2nd centile or >2SD below mid parental height