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rizk review > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common example of mononeuropathy?

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrom­­­e

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2
Q

Condition that can cause Carpal Tunnel Syndrome due to excess swelling in wrist?

A

Pregnancy, Hypothyroidism

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3
Q

Condition that can cause Carpal Tunnel Syndrome due to abnormal growth of carpal bones?

A

Acromegaly

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4
Q

Condition that can cause Carpal Tunnel Syndrome due to deposition of b2 microglobulin?

A

Hemodialysis

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5
Q

Which clinical presentation can help differentiate L5 radiculopathy from common fibular nerve radiculopathy?

A

Common fibular nerve = loss of foot eversion; L5 = loss of foot eversion + inversion

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6
Q

Compression of which structure leads to meralgia paresthetica?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve … as it passes under the inguinal ligament

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7
Q

Clinical presentation of meralgia paresthetica?

A

Burning + numbness over lateral thigh

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8
Q

42 yo female presents with 6-week Hx of fever, cough, arthralgias; Reports R-sided facial droop on R; CXR shows nodular opacities in hilar regions – diagnosis?

A

Neurosarcoidosis

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9
Q

Which CN is most affected in Neurosarcoidosis?

A

CN 7

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10
Q

Which CN is most affected in Guillain Barre?

A

CN 6-7

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11
Q

Which CN is most affected in Diphtheria?

A

CN 9

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12
Q

Which CN is most affected in DM?

A

CN 3-4-6

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13
Q

Appearance of CXR and C-Spine XR in setting of Thoracic Outlet Obstruction?

A

Cervical rib

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14
Q

Appearance of next CT in setting of Thoracic Outlet Obstruction?

A

Scalene muscle hypertrophy

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15
Q

4 examples of mononeuropathy multiplex (2+ nerves affected)?

A

DM, RA vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosum, Lyme disease

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16
Q

Clinical presentation of mononeuropathy multiplex in Lyme disease?

A

New-onset foot drop

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17
Q

Example of condition that results from polyneuropathy?

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth

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18
Q

Clinical presentation of Charcot-Marie-Tooth?

A

High arch, hammer toes

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19
Q

Inheritance pattern of Charcot-Marie-Tooth?

A

AD

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20
Q

Treatment of choice for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

Plasma exchange; IVIG

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21
Q

Clinical presentation of Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

Ascending weakness

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22
Q

2 conditions that contraindicate IVIG treatment for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

CHF, Renal failure

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23
Q

Condition that is a variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, but involves descending paralysis … (instead of ascending paralysis)?

A

Miller-Fischer Syndrome

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24
Q

Which 2 functions are preserved in ALS (…but not in MS)?

A

Ocular movements, Bladder/bowel function

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25
Q

Pattern of muscle weakness in Myasthenia gravis?

A

Weakness worse with repetition

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26
Q

Pattern of muscle weakness in Lambert-Eaton Syndrome?

A

Weakness better with repetition

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27
Q

DOC for Myasthenia gravis?

A

Physostigmine

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28
Q

Diagnostic test for Myasthenia gravis?

A

Tensilon test

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29
Q

Diagnostic test for Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Clinical

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30
Q

Initial therapy for Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Selective dopamine agonists

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31
Q

Value of Selective dopamine agonists as Initial therapy for Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Neuroprotective

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32
Q

Most effective therapy for Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Levodopa

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33
Q

Why is treatment with levodopa avoided during early stages of Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Wears off over time

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34
Q

Patient presents with bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, retropulsion, vertical gaze palsy – diagnosis?

A

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

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35
Q

4 aspects of clinical presentation for Multiple System Atrophy?

A

Parkinson features, cerebellar dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, urinary incontinence

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36
Q

Best treatment for orthostatic hypotension in Multiple System Atrophy?

A

Fludrocorticol … (mineralocorticoid)

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37
Q

4 most common origin locations for brain metastasis?

A

Lung, Breast, Skin, GI

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38
Q

Condition associated with multiple meningiomas?

A

NF-2

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39
Q

Why are meningiomas more common females?

A

Tumor cells have estrogen receptors

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40
Q

Cell of origin for meningiomas?

A

Arachnoid cells

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41
Q

Most common malignant brain tumor in children?

A

Medulloblastoma

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42
Q

Cell of origin for medulloblastoma?

A

Granular cell layer of cerebellum

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43
Q

Most common location of Medulloblastoma?

A

Cerebellum; 4th ventricle

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44
Q

Most common location of ependymoma in children?

A

4th ventricle

45
Q

Most common location of ependymoma in adults?

A

Spinal cord

46
Q

2 CSF findings associated with MS?

A

High IgG:Albumin ratio, Oligoclonal banding

47
Q

Location of lesion in MS that causes internuclear ophthalmoplegia?

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

48
Q

Medial longitudinal fasciculus connects which 2 cranial nerves?

A

CN 3, CN 6

49
Q

What ocular movement in intact in internuclear ophthalmoplegia?

A

Convergence

50
Q

Clinical presentation of internuclear ophthalmoplegia?

A

Impaired adduction of affected eye

51
Q

Best treatment for acute MS exacerbation (including optic neuritis)?

A

IV corticosteroids

52
Q

Disease-modifying treatment for MS?

A

IFN-b

53
Q

Untreatable cause of dementia?

A

Huntington disease

54
Q

DOC for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?

A

Acetazolamide … decreases CSF production

55
Q

What is the most significant risk factor for developing delirium during hospitalization?

A

HX of Dementia

56
Q

Appearance of head CT in frontotemporal dementia?

A
57
Q

MSK symptom seen in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?

A

Myoclonic jerks

58
Q

Appearance of EEG in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?

A

Triphasic sharp waves

59
Q

CSF analysis in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease reveals …

A

14-3-3 protein

60
Q

In addition to Neisseria, what is another pathogen with structure Gram (-) cocci?

A

Moraxella

61
Q

Clinical significance of Moraxella?

A

COPD exacerbation

62
Q

ABX of choice for Moraxella?

A

Augmentin

63
Q

Which type of Neisseria is fatal?

A

Type B

64
Q

Group of patients that are especially susceptible to N. meningitidis infection?

A

Complement deficiency C5-C9

65
Q

Most appropriate initial ABX treatment for acute N. meningitidis infection in children + adults?

A

Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin

66
Q

‘Most appropriate initial ABX treatment for acute N. meningitidis infection in elderly + neonates?

A

Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin + Ampicillin

67
Q

Role of ampicillin in treatment of acute N. meningitidis infection in elderly + neonates?

A

Suspected Listeria infection

68
Q

DOC for adults + children with acute N. meningitidis infection and HX of vancomycin allergy?

A

Ceftriaxone + Rifampin

69
Q

Pathogen responsible for meningitis in patient with AIDS, Hodgkin lymphoma, ALL?

A

Cryptococcus

70
Q

Best treatment for urethritis in sexually-active male?

A

IM ceftriaxone + 7-day course of doxycycline

71
Q

Which other test should be performed for urethritis in sexually-active male?

A

VDRL

72
Q

DOC for treatment of N. gonorrhea infection in pregnant female?

A

Ceftriaxone + Erythromycin

73
Q

Most common cause of mucopurulent cervicitis?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

74
Q

2 aspects of clinical presentation for disseminated gonococcal infection?

A

Tendonitis, Septic arthritis, Rash

75
Q

Best treatment for disseminated gonococcal infection?

A

1g IM ceftriaxone for 7 days

76
Q

Why does Mycoplasma not Gram stain?

A

No cell wall

77
Q

Why does Chlamydia not Gram stain?

A

Cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan

78
Q

Clinical presentation of Chlamydia serotype A-C?

A

Trachoma

79
Q

Clinical presentation of Chlamydia serotype D-K?

A

Urethritis, PID, Conjunctivitis

80
Q

Clinical presentation of Chlamydia serotype L1-L3?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

81
Q

Clinical presentation of Lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Painless genital ulcers … Suppurative LNs

82
Q

Best treatment for Lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Doxycycline

83
Q

Best treatment for Lymphogranuloma venereum in pregnant females?

A

Erythromycin

84
Q

Clinical presentation of Chlamydia psittaci infection?

A

Atypical PNA

85
Q

DOC for treatment of Chlamydia psittaci?

A

Doxycycline

86
Q

3 indications for treating HTN in setting of CVA?

A

Systolic BP > 220, Diastolic BP > 110, Planning to give TPA

87
Q

DOC for treating HTN in setting of CVA?

A

Labetalol

88
Q

Timeframe of head trauma, prior CVA, acute MI that contraindicates thrombolytic therapy?

A

3 months

89
Q

Timeframe of GI bleed, hematuria that contraindicates thrombolytic therapy?

A

3 weeks

90
Q

Timeframe of major surgery that contraindicates thrombolytic therapy?

A

2 weeks

91
Q

Target INR before beginning warfarin in thrombolytic therapy?

A

1.7

92
Q

MRI shows cerebellar ischemic CVA with edematous infarct tissue – what is next step in management?

A

Neurosurgery consult

93
Q

What is the anti-platelet of choice for reduction of CVA-related mortality?

A

ASA

94
Q

DOC to add to ASA for secondary CVA prevention?

A

Dipyridamole

95
Q

DOC for patient with ischemic CVA due to A-Fib?

A

Warfarin

96
Q

2 risk factors for development of seizure?

A

Meningitis, Encephalitis

97
Q

Which anti-seizure medication may cause folate deficiency, leading to megaloblastic anemia?

A

Phenytoin

98
Q

Which condition contraindicates use of Phenytoin?

A

Pregnancy … may cause NTD

99
Q

2 AE of carbamazepine?

A

Aplastic anemia, Leukopenia

100
Q

9 CYP450 inducers?

A

Most Chronic Alcoholics Steal Phen Phen + Never Refuse Greasy Carbs … Modafinil, Chronic ETOH, St. John’s wort, Phenytoin, Phenobarbitol, Nevirapine, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine

101
Q

Difference between common and classic migraine?

A

Common = no aura; Classic = aura

102
Q

2 options for abortive treatment of migraine?

A

NSAIDs, Triptans

103
Q

4 options for preventative treatment of migraine?

A

Valproate, CCBs, B blockers, TCAs

104
Q

Best acute treatment for cluster HA?

A

O2

105
Q

Best prophylaxis for cluster HA?

A

Verapamil

106
Q

DOC for treatment of tension HA?

A

NSAIDs

107
Q

Inflammation of which vessel is responsible for blindness in temporal arteritis?

A

Ophthalmic artery

108
Q

2 aspects of treatment for Pseudotumor Cerebri?

A

Weight loss, Acetazolamide

109
Q

Which symptom favors myopathy, not neuropathy?

A

Proximal weakness

rizk review (19 decks)

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