Neurology Flashcards
How many people are affected by epilepsy
3 million people
How many people have strokes every year and how many die?
795,000 people have stroke
150,000 die
How many Americans are diagnosed with parkinsons disease each year?
50,000 Americans
What is the resting state in a neuron?
Positively charged on the outside and negatively charged on the inside (Polarised, sodium on the outside, potassium on the inside)
When electrically stimulated what happens to Sodium and Potassium levels in the cell?
Sodium is rapidly surged into the cell and potassium is rapidly discharged from the cell.
How many bones make up the spine and what are they called?
7 Cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Sacral 4 Coccygeal
What is the purpose and use of the cerebrum?
Governs all sensory and motor actions
Intelligence learning analysis memory and language
What is the Pons?
Connection between the brain and the spinal cord
What is the medulla oblongata?
Center for controlling respiration, cardiac activity, vasomotor activity
What is the cerebellum?
Coordinates fine motor movement, Posture, equilibrium, and muscle tone.
Where is speech function controlled in the cerebrum?
The temporal lobe
Where is the olfactory cortex located?
The frontal lobe of the brain
What percent of the bodies blood flow goes to the brain?
20%
Afferent fibers transmit impulses from to where?
To the CNS from the body
Efferent fibers carry impulses from where to where?
CNS to the body
What is the area of skin that each nerve root that it supplies?
Dermatone
What are reflexes?
Reflexes are protective
Spinal cord stimulates appropriate muscles to remove part of body closest to the perceived threat
Reflex actions lack fine motor control
What do pupils dilated and not reactive possibly indicate?
brainstem injury or serious brain anoxia
What can dilated pupils that are reactive to light may be a sign of?
Intracranial pressure
What may constricted pupils suggest?
toxic etiology for altered mental status
What are 5 abormal respiratory patterns?
Cheyne-stokes respirations Kussmauls Central neurogenic hyperventilation Ataxic respirations Apneustic repsirations
Patients with neurologic dysfunction have worse outcomes due to excessive what?
Oxygen
What is cushings triad?
Increased blood pressure
Decreased pulse
Irregular respirations
What is the pneumonic for altered mental status?
AEIOU-TIPS
Acidosis/Alcohol Epilepsy Infection, Sepsis Overdose Uremia (Kidney Failure)
Trauma, tumor, toxins
insulin
Psychosis, poison
Strokes, seizure
what is tPA?
Tissue plasminogen activator
Designed to dissolve and break up clots.
Be mindful that tPA is not selective about clots, be mindful for patients with recent surgery and monitor for external and internal bleeding.
Define atherosclerosis
Plaque deposits form on the inner walls of the arteries
What are some signs and symptoms of thrombotic stroke
Often patient awakening at night with altered mental status or loss of speech, sensory or motor function.
