Neurology

Question 0

How many people are affected by epilepsy

Answer 0

3 million people

Question 1

How many people have strokes every year and how many die?

Answer 1

795,000 people have stroke

150,000 die

Question 2

How many Americans are diagnosed with parkinsons disease each year?

Answer 2

50,000 Americans

Question 3

What is the resting state in a neuron?

Answer 3

Positively charged on the outside and negatively charged on the inside (Polarised, sodium on the outside, potassium on the inside)

Question 4

When electrically stimulated what happens to Sodium and Potassium levels in the cell?

Answer 4

Sodium is rapidly surged into the cell and potassium is rapidly discharged from the cell.

Question 5

How many bones make up the spine and what are they called?

Answer 5

7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
4 Coccygeal

Question 6

What is the purpose and use of the cerebrum?

Answer 6

Governs all sensory and motor actions

Intelligence learning analysis memory and language

Question 7

What is the Pons?

Answer 7

Connection between the brain and the spinal cord

Question 8

What is the medulla oblongata?

Answer 8

Center for controlling respiration, cardiac activity, vasomotor activity

Question 9

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 9

Coordinates fine motor movement, Posture, equilibrium, and muscle tone.

Question 10

Where is speech function controlled in the cerebrum?

Answer 10

The temporal lobe

Question 11

Where is the olfactory cortex located?

Answer 11

The frontal lobe of the brain

Question 12

What percent of the bodies blood flow goes to the brain?

Answer 12

20%

Question 13

Afferent fibers transmit impulses from to where?

Answer 13

To the CNS from the body

Question 14

Efferent fibers carry impulses from where to where?

Answer 14

CNS to the body

Question 15

What is the area of skin that each nerve root that it supplies?

Answer 15

Dermatone

Question 16

What are reflexes?

Answer 16

Reflexes are protective

Spinal cord stimulates appropriate muscles to remove part of body closest to the perceived threat

Reflex actions lack fine motor control

Question 17

What do pupils dilated and not reactive possibly indicate?

Answer 17

brainstem injury or serious brain anoxia

Question 18

What can dilated pupils that are reactive to light may be a sign of?

Answer 18

Intracranial pressure

Question 19

What may constricted pupils suggest?

Answer 19

toxic etiology for altered mental status

Question 20

What are 5 abormal respiratory patterns?

Answer 20

Cheyne-stokes respirations
Kussmauls
Central neurogenic hyperventilation
Ataxic respirations
Apneustic repsirations

Question 21

Patients with neurologic dysfunction have worse outcomes due to excessive what?

Answer 21

Oxygen

Question 22

What is cushings triad?

Answer 22

Increased blood pressure
Decreased pulse
Irregular respirations

Question 23

What is the pneumonic for altered mental status?

Answer 23

AEIOU-TIPS

Acidosis/Alcohol
Epilepsy
Infection, Sepsis
Overdose
Uremia (Kidney Failure)

Trauma, tumor, toxins
insulin
Psychosis, poison
Strokes, seizure

Question 24

what is tPA?

Answer 24

Tissue plasminogen activator

Designed to dissolve and break up clots.

Be mindful that tPA is not selective about clots, be mindful for patients with recent surgery and monitor for external and internal bleeding.

Question 25

Define atherosclerosis

Answer 25

Plaque deposits form on the inner walls of the arteries

Question 26

What are some signs and symptoms of thrombotic stroke

Answer 26

Often patient awakening at night with altered mental status or loss of speech, sensory or motor function.