Endocrinology

Question 1

The endocrine system is closely linked to what other system?

Answer 1

nervous system.

Question 2

How does the endocrine system control the body?

Answer 2

Chemical messengers called hormones

Question 3

What is the fundamental structure of the endocrine system?

Answer 3

Endocrine glands

Question 4

What do endocrine glands produce?

Answer 4

Hormones

Question 5

Where do endocrine glands secrete hormones into?

Answer 5

Directly into the capillaries to circulate in the blood

Question 6

Differentiate endocrine and exocrine glands

Answer 6

Endocrine glands have widespread effects where as exocrine glands are localized

Question 7

What are the eight major endocrine glands

Answer 7

Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid gland
Thymus
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
Gonads

Question 8

What body tissues have endocrine functions?

Answer 8

Kidneys
Heart
Placenta
Parts of digestive tract

Question 9

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 9

Located deep within the cerebrum of the brain

Question 10

What hormones are produced from the hypothalamus

Answer 10

Growth hormone releasing hormone
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone
Corticotropin releasing hormone
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Gonadtropin hormone
Prolactin releasing hormone
Prolactin inhibiting hormone

Question 11

How big is the pituitary gland?

Answer 11

The size of a pea; divided into posterior and anterior pituitary lobes

Question 12

The posterior pituitary gland responds to nerve impulses coming from where?

Answer 12

The Hypothalamus

Question 13

The anterior pituitary gland responds to what kind of hormone?

Answer 13

Hypothalamic hormones

Question 14

What two hormones does the posterior pituitary gland provide?

Answer 14

Antidiuretic Hormone: causes retention of body water

Oxytocin: causes uterine contraction and lactation

Question 15

What occurs during dehydration or hemorrhaging with pituitary gland?

Answer 15

Increased ADH secretion to prevent dehydration

Question 16

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder marked by what?

Answer 16

Large volumes of urine; caused by inadequate ADH secretion relative to blood volume.

Question 17

What are the six anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 17

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone (Estrogen, testosterone,)
Luteneinizing hormone
Prolactin
Growth Hormone

Question 18

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 18

Two lobes located in the neck anterior and just below the cartilage of the larynx

Question 19

What three hormones does the thyroid produce?

Answer 19

Thyroxine
Triiodothyronine
Calcitonin

Question 20

Describe the thyroid gland

Answer 20

Composed of tiny hollow sacs called follicles, filled with thick fluid called colloid

Question 21

How does calcitonin lower blood calcium levels?

Answer 21

Increasing uptake of calcium by bones and inhibiting the breakdown of bone tissue

Question 22

where are parathyroid glands located

Answer 22

Posterior lateral surface of the thyroid.

Question 23

What does the parathyroid gland secrete

Answer 23

Parathyroid hormone (Increases blood calcium levels)

Question 24

Parathyroid Hormone is the antagonist of what hormone

Answer 24

Calcitonin

Question 25

Where is the thymus gland located

Answer 25

In the mediastinum just behind the sternum

Question 26

In childhood what does the thymus gland produce?

Answer 26

Thymosin, promotes maturation of T lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity

Question 27

Where is the pancreas located?

Answer 27

The upper retroperitoneum behind the stomach

Question 28

The pancreas is composed of what two tissues

Answer 28

Endocrine and exocrine tissue

Question 29

What is the endocrine tissue found in the pancreas known as?

Answer 29

Islets of langhorn

Question 30

What does the alpha cells in the pancreas produce?

Answer 30

Glucagon

Question 31

Define glycogenolysis

Answer 31

Breakdown of glycogen by glucagon

Question 32

Define gluconeogenesis

Answer 32

Glucose from nonsugar sources

Question 33

What do beta cells in the pancreas create?

Answer 33

Insulin

Question 34

Insulin is the antagonist of what hormone?

Answer 34

glucagon

Question 35

Where are adrenal glands located?

Answer 35

Superior surface of the kidneys

Question 36

How do you check corneal reflex and what does it check for?

Answer 36

Take sterile gauze and touch a patients eyeball. All patients should have some sort of repsonse.

Question 37

Where is the pineal gland located?

Answer 37

Roof of the thalamus in the brain

Question 38

What hormone does the pineal gland release?

Answer 38

Melatonin in response to changes in light

Question 39

Melatonin may affect what?

Answer 39

A persons mood

Question 40

What kind of respirations are associated with DKA?

Answer 40

Kussmals breath, deep rapid breathing

Question 41

Define myxedema

Answer 41

Long-term exposure to inadequate levels of thyroid hormones.

Question 42

What causes cushings syndrome?

Answer 42

Excessive adrenocortical activity

Question 43

What causes addisons diesease?

Answer 43

Deficient adrenocortical activity

Question 44

What are some signs and symptoms of cushings syndrome?

Answer 44

Weight gain, trunk of body, face, neck and moon-faced appearance devleops Accumulation fat on upper back referred to as "buffalo hump" Skin changes common and early clue Mood swings and impaired memory or concentration

Question 45

What is the cause of Addison's disease?

Answer 45

Adrenal glands fail to produce adequate amount of steroid hormones ( cortisol and aldosterone)

Question 46

Cushings and Addisons syndrome are acute and chronic conditions, which is which?

Answer 46

Chronic Cushings | Acute Addisons

Question 47

What are some signs and symptoms of addisons diesease?

Answer 47

Progressive weakness, fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss; hyperpigmentation of skin and mucous membranes