Infection Dieseases and Sepsis

Question 0

What is an epidemiologist?

Answer 0

Person that studies how diseases affect a population.

Question 1

What is an infectious disease?

Answer 1

illness caused by infestation of the body by biological organisms.

Question 2

Most infectious diseases are usually not what?

Answer 2

Life threatening

Question 3

Define index case

Answer 3

The first individual to bring an infectious disease to a population.

Question 4

Define opportunistic pathogens

Answer 4

nonharmful bacteria that cause disease only under unusual circumstances.

Question 5

Define normal flora

Answer 5

organisms that live inside our bodies without ordinarily causing disease.

Question 6

Define pathogen

Answer 6

a disease-producing agent or invading substance

Question 7

Define bacteria

Answer 7

microscopic single-celled organisms that range in length from 1 to 20 micrometers.

Question 8

Bacteria can reproduce independently but require a host for what?

Answer 8

supply of food and environment

Question 9

What is the most common method of differentiating bacteria?

Answer 9

Gram staining

Question 10

What does a gram stained purple bacteria indicate?

Answer 10

Gram Positive

Question 11

What does a gram stained red bacteria indicate?

Answer 11

Gram Negative

Question 12

Bacteria that stain similarly have similar what and may respond similarly to what?

Answer 12

Cell walls and Treatments

Question 13

How may bacteria harm the body?

Answer 13

Heavy colonization can cause direct damage to the tissue it feeds on

Bacteria can indirectly harm the body through the release of toxins

Question 14

What are the two different types of toxins?

Answer 14

Exotoxins and endotoxins

Question 15

Most bacterial infections respond to what?

Answer 15

Antibiotics; bactericidal (kill bacteria) or bacteriostatic (inhibit the bacterial growth or reproduction)

Question 16

Define virus

Answer 16

Much smaller than bacteria; only seen in electron microscope

Cannot reproduce and carry on metabolism by themselves

Obligate intracellular parasites: grow and reporduce only within host cell

Resist antibiotic treatment

Question 17

What is the problem with attempting to kill a virus?

Answer 17

A virus will integrate itself within a host cell thus making any attempt at killing the virus killing the host cell as well.

Question 18

Define prions

Answer 18

Disease producing agents referred to as slow viruses

Causes a lot of dementia and insomnia

Question 19

Define fungi

Answer 19

plantlike microorganisms, most are non pathogenic

Yeasts, mold, mushrooms are types of fungi

Become pathogenic in patients with compromised immune function

Question 20

What are parasites?

Answer 20

Common causes of diseases where sanitiation poor

Roundworms: Live in the intestinal mucosa. May reach 30 - 50 cm in length

Symptoms: Abd Cramping, Fever , Cough

Question 21

What is a pinworm

Answer 21

Tiny worms that livei n the distal colon.

Common cause of anal pruitus (itching) and infection

Question 22

Define hookworms

Answer 22

Found in warm moist climates

LArvae passed in stool of infected animals. contracted when barefoot walks in contaminated area

Epigastric pain and anemia

Question 23

Define trichinosis

Answer 23

Contracted by eating raw and inadequately cooked pork products

Gastrointestinal disturbacnes, edema and fever

If worms invade the heart\ lungs an\or brain death may result

Question 24

Oxygen does not normall attempt to attach to what?

Answer 24

Hemoglobin

Question 25

What some diseases that are transmitted through air on droplets expelled during productive cough or sneeze?

Answer 25

Tuberculosis, meningitis, mumps, measeles, rubella, chickenpox (varicella)

Question 26

What is the latent period of the infectious process

Answer 26

Once infected with the infectious agent, host cannot transmit agent to someone and does not present with sign and symptoms

Question 27

What is the communicable period of the ifectious process

Answer 27

Host may exhibit signs of clinical disease; can transmit infectious agent to another host

Question 28

What is the incubation period

Answer 28

Time between exposure and presentation

Question 29

Virus and bacteria have what that stimulate the body to produce antibodies?

Answer 29

Surface proteins called antigens