Cardiology Test 1 Flashcards
Myocardial ischemia may result in:
ST Segment Depression
The heart sound produced by the closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves:
S2
An ECG machine is useful for:
Evaluating the heart’s electrical conduction system for abnormalities
The amount of resistance that must be overcome by the left ventricle during systole is called:
Afterload
Which of the following will occur with an increase in peripheral vascular resistance:
increased preload
decreased stroke volume
Decreased stroke volume
When stimulated the ______ branch of the nervous system will increase heart rate, av conduction and irritability.
sympathetic
The distance between two “tic” marks is ____ seconds
3
Poiseuille’s law specifically states that blood flow through a vessel is directly proportional to the ________ of the vessel’s radius.
4th power
A normal sinus rhythm should have a QRS complex lasting less than _____ seconds
0.12
The anterior surface of the heart is best viewed by ECG leads:
V1 - V4
When the ECG paper is traveling at a standard rate of 25/mm per second a large box in the horizontal direction equals:
0.20 seconds
The proportion of the left ventricular volume that is pumped out of the heart during systole is the:
Ejection fraction
While monitoring a patient’s cardiac rhythm, you note that there is no electrical activity after a PQRST complex for a period equal to exactly three of the previous R-R intervals. This is most accurately described as:
Sinus Block
The first phase of the cardiac cycle is:
diastole
The built-in rate of each of the three major areas of the conduction system is referred to as the ________ rate.
Inherent
Blood entering the left atrium arrives via the:
Pulmonary vein
A major EKG finding that can help you distinguish between supraventricular and ventricular rhythms is the width of the:
QRS Complex
The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the ________ valve.
Tricuspid
The presence of inverted T waves on an ECG indicates:
Myocardial ischemia
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart occurs via the:
Vagus Nerve
Release of acetylcholine at the neuroeffector junction would result in a(n):
Negative chronotropic effect
The total duration of ventricular depolarization is represented by the ________ on the ECG.
QT Interval
The pressure in the left ventricle at the end of diastole is called:
Preload
What occurs during depolarization of a cell?
Cell becomes relatively more positively charged
the most common cause of death resulting from myocardial infarction is:
Dysthymia
A strong impulse can cause a premature abnormal discharge during the ________ refractory period.
relative
ECG findings associated with hypokalemia include:
U waves and T waves
What term is used to refer to the process of electrical discharge and the flow of electrical activity?
depolarization
Excessive preload over time would lead to:
Weakening of the left ventricle
The inherent rate of the SA node is:
60 - 100
The cardiac activity that takes place above the ventricles is referred to as ________ activity.
Supraventricular
Beta-blockers generally have what kind of an effect?
Decreased myocardial contractility
Public education about coronary heart disease focuses on:
Risk factors and signs and symptoms of CHD
No impulse can cause depolarization during the ________ refractory period.
absolute
What endocrine substance acts as a marker for congestive heart failure?
BNP(Brain Natriuretic Peptide)
On EKG graph paper, the distance in time between two light vertical lines, or across one small square, is ________ seconds.
0.04
The inherent rate of the AV junction is ________ beats per minute.
40 - 60
If polarizing is considered the ready state, then ________ would be considered the recovery state.
repolarization
The difference between apical and peripheral pulse rates that results from decreased cardiac output when the atria fail to contract is known as:
Pulse deficit
When an EKG machine is turned on but not yet connected to the patient, the stylus will produce a straight line called the ________ line.
isoelectric
The vertical lines on the EKG measure:
Time
_______ is a drop in blood pressure greater than 10 mmhg with inspiration
Pulsus Paradoxus
When a P wave originates in the SA node, it is smooth rounded and:
Upright
What would eliminate a patient from consideration for fibrinolytic therapy?
Hemorrhagic stroke six months ago
What rhythm would require transcutaneous pacing?
symptomatic third-degree AV block
A junctional escape beats occurs when:
The rate of the SA node is slower than the AV node
The short period of f electrical inactivity that occurs after a P wave is called:
PR segment
The deflections that occur above and below the isoelectric lines are referred to as:
waves
The first part of the aorta that leaves the heart is the:
Ascending aorta
Describe one Valsalva maneuver :
Ask the patient to bear down as if trying to move bowels with their mouth and nose closed
An increase in afterload results in a(n) ________ workload of the heart, especially in the ________ ventricle.
Increased; left
The PR interval reflects all _____ activity
Atrial
To detect life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias, the paramedic must view the ECG in ________ lead(s).
One lead
A normal sinus rhythm originates in the:
SA Node
After leaving the area of the AV node, impulses go through the ________ to reach the right and left bundle branches.
Bundle of HIS
You have administered a drug with potent beta-1 effects. Which of the following effects should you most anticipate?
increased heart rate
Your patient in atrial fibrillation has a heart rate of 108 on the monitor, but her radial pulse is 88. The patient is experiencing:
Pulse deficit
The horizontal lines on the EKG graph paper measure:
voltage
Which of the following most accurately describes the etiology of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
Presence of an accessory conduction pathway
Auscultation of an S3 is associated with:
Congestive Heart Failure
The EKG machine will produce an upright deflection on the graph paper if the flow of electricity is toward the ________ electrode.
Positive
The inherent rate of the ventricle is _______ beats per minute
20 - 40
The base of the heart lies at the level of the _____ rib
Second
A series of cardiac cycles makes up a:
EKG Rhythm Strip
The QRS complex wave is indicative of ventricular ________ and thus should correspond to the patient’s pulse.
Depolarization
For a resting potential in a cardiac cell to exist, there must be
Adequate number of potassium ions inside the cell and sodium ions outside the cell
The PR interval begins at the first sign of the P wave and ends at the first sign of the next deflection, which is called the:
QRS Complex
Typical stroke volume is about ________ of the volume of the left ventricle.
Two-thirds
In cardiac cells the electrical charges are provided primarily by what two electrolytes
Sodium and Potassium
