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Paramedic 2 > Cardiology Test 1 > Flashcards

Cardiology Test 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Myocardial ischemia may result in:

A

ST Segment Depression

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1
Q

The heart sound produced by the closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves:

A

S2

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2
Q

An ECG machine is useful for:

A

Evaluating the heart’s electrical conduction system for abnormalities

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3
Q

The amount of resistance that must be overcome by the left ventricle during systole is called:

A

Afterload

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4
Q

Which of the following will occur with an increase in peripheral vascular resistance:

increased preload
decreased stroke volume

A

Decreased stroke volume

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5
Q

When stimulated the ______ branch of the nervous system will increase heart rate, av conduction and irritability.

A

sympathetic

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6
Q

The distance between two “tic” marks is ____ seconds

A

3

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7
Q

Poiseuille’s law specifically states that blood flow through a vessel is directly proportional to the ________ of the vessel’s radius.

A

4th power

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8
Q

A normal sinus rhythm should have a QRS complex lasting less than _____ seconds

A

0.12

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9
Q

The anterior surface of the heart is best viewed by ECG leads:

A

V1 - V4

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10
Q

When the ECG paper is traveling at a standard rate of 25/mm per second a large box in the horizontal direction equals:

A

0.20 seconds

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11
Q

The proportion of the left ventricular volume that is pumped out of the heart during systole is the:

A

Ejection fraction

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12
Q

While monitoring a patient’s cardiac rhythm, you note that there is no electrical activity after a PQRST complex for a period equal to exactly three of the previous R-R intervals. This is most accurately described as:

A

Sinus Block

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13
Q

The first phase of the cardiac cycle is:

A

diastole

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14
Q

The built-in rate of each of the three major areas of the conduction system is referred to as the ________ rate.

A

Inherent

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15
Q

Blood entering the left atrium arrives via the:

A

Pulmonary vein

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16
Q

A major EKG finding that can help you distinguish between supraventricular and ventricular rhythms is the width of the:

A

QRS Complex

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17
Q

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the ________ valve.

A

Tricuspid

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18
Q

The presence of inverted T waves on an ECG indicates:

A

Myocardial ischemia

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19
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the heart occurs via the:

A

Vagus Nerve

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20
Q

Release of acetylcholine at the neuroeffector junction would result in a(n):

A

Negative chronotropic effect

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21
Q

The total duration of ventricular depolarization is represented by the ________ on the ECG.

A

QT Interval

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22
Q

The pressure in the left ventricle at the end of diastole is called:

A

Preload

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23
Q

What occurs during depolarization of a cell?

A

Cell becomes relatively more positively charged

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24
Q

the most common cause of death resulting from myocardial infarction is:

A

Dysthymia

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25
Q

A strong impulse can cause a premature abnormal discharge during the ________ refractory period.

A

relative

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26
Q

ECG findings associated with hypokalemia include:

A

U waves and T waves

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27
Q

What term is used to refer to the process of electrical discharge and the flow of electrical activity?

A

depolarization

28
Q

Excessive preload over time would lead to:

A

Weakening of the left ventricle

29
Q

The inherent rate of the SA node is:

A

60 - 100

30
Q

The cardiac activity that takes place above the ventricles is referred to as ________ activity.

A

Supraventricular

31
Q

Beta-blockers generally have what kind of an effect?

A

Decreased myocardial contractility

32
Q

Public education about coronary heart disease focuses on:

A

Risk factors and signs and symptoms of CHD

33
Q

No impulse can cause depolarization during the ________ refractory period.

A

absolute

34
Q

What endocrine substance acts as a marker for congestive heart failure?

A

BNP(Brain Natriuretic Peptide)

35
Q

On EKG graph paper, the distance in time between two light vertical lines, or across one small square, is ________ seconds.

A

0.04

36
Q

The inherent rate of the AV junction is ________ beats per minute.

A

40 - 60

37
Q

If polarizing is considered the ready state, then ________ would be considered the recovery state.

A

repolarization

38
Q

The difference between apical and peripheral pulse rates that results from decreased cardiac output when the atria fail to contract is known as:

A

Pulse deficit

39
Q

When an EKG machine is turned on but not yet connected to the patient, the stylus will produce a straight line called the ________ line.

A

isoelectric

40
Q

The vertical lines on the EKG measure:

A

Time

41
Q

_______ is a drop in blood pressure greater than 10 mmhg with inspiration

A

Pulsus Paradoxus

42
Q

When a P wave originates in the SA node, it is smooth rounded and:

A

Upright

43
Q

What would eliminate a patient from consideration for fibrinolytic therapy?

A

Hemorrhagic stroke six months ago

44
Q

What rhythm would require transcutaneous pacing?

A

symptomatic third-degree AV block

45
Q

A junctional escape beats occurs when:

A

The rate of the SA node is slower than the AV node

46
Q

The short period of f electrical inactivity that occurs after a P wave is called:

A

PR segment

47
Q

The deflections that occur above and below the isoelectric lines are referred to as:

A

waves

48
Q

The first part of the aorta that leaves the heart is the:

A

Ascending aorta

49
Q

Describe one Valsalva maneuver :

A

Ask the patient to bear down as if trying to move bowels with their mouth and nose closed

50
Q

An increase in afterload results in a(n) ________ workload of the heart, especially in the ________ ventricle.

A

Increased; left

51
Q

The PR interval reflects all _____ activity

A

Atrial

52
Q

To detect life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias, the paramedic must view the ECG in ________ lead(s).

A

One lead

53
Q

A normal sinus rhythm originates in the:

A

SA Node

54
Q

After leaving the area of the AV node, impulses go through the ________ to reach the right and left bundle branches.

A

Bundle of HIS

55
Q

You have administered a drug with potent beta-1 effects. Which of the following effects should you most anticipate?

A

increased heart rate

56
Q

Your patient in atrial fibrillation has a heart rate of 108 on the monitor, but her radial pulse is 88. The patient is experiencing:

A

Pulse deficit

57
Q

The horizontal lines on the EKG graph paper measure:

A

voltage

58
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes the etiology of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

Presence of an accessory conduction pathway

59
Q

Auscultation of an S3 is associated with:

A

Congestive Heart Failure

60
Q

The EKG machine will produce an upright deflection on the graph paper if the flow of electricity is toward the ________ electrode.

A

Positive

61
Q

The inherent rate of the ventricle is _______ beats per minute

A

20 - 40

62
Q

The base of the heart lies at the level of the _____ rib

A

Second

63
Q

A series of cardiac cycles makes up a:

A

EKG Rhythm Strip

64
Q

The QRS complex wave is indicative of ventricular ________ and thus should correspond to the patient’s pulse.

A

Depolarization

65
Q

For a resting potential in a cardiac cell to exist, there must be

A

Adequate number of potassium ions inside the cell and sodium ions outside the cell

66
Q

The PR interval begins at the first sign of the P wave and ends at the first sign of the next deflection, which is called the:

A

QRS Complex

67
Q

Typical stroke volume is about ________ of the volume of the left ventricle.

A

Two-thirds

68
Q

In cardiac cells the electrical charges are provided primarily by what two electrolytes

A

Sodium and Potassium

Paramedic 2 (17 decks)

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