Neurological Viruses

Question 1

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) belong to which virus family?

Answer 1

Togaviridae

Question 2

West Nile virus and _______ belong to the Flaviviridae family.

Answer 2

Hep C

Question 3

T/F. EEE, VEE, and West Nile are all (+) ssRNA, enveloped viruses.

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

T/F. Rabies is a (+)ssRNA, enveloped virus.

Answer 4

False. Rabies is a (-)ssRNA enveloped virus.

Question 5

Togaviruses and flaviviruses are transmitted through what type of vector?

Answer 5

Arthropod transmission through mosquitoes and tick vectors.

Question 6

What are common reservoirs?

Answer 6

birds

Question 7

_____ requires replication in the vector.

Answer 7

Transmission

Question 8

Where dose EEE and VEE replication occur?

Answer 8

cytoplasm

Question 9

Once the virus is introduced through the bite of an infected arthropod, how is the virus carried to lymph nodes?

Answer 9

Langerhan cells

Question 10

Replication and release into the blood stream causes what condition?

Answer 10

viremia

Question 11

Acute EEE infection has how long of an incubation period?

Answer 11

4 to 10 days

Question 12

If encephalitic disease progresses in EEE infected cases, ___ (1/3 or 1/2) of the cases die from the diease 2 to 10 days after onset. Those who recover have long sequelae.

Answer 12

1/3

Question 13

What is the single vaccine available to military personnel and researches who may come into contact with EEE?

Answer 13

TC-83

Question 14

T/F. TC-83 vaccine is fully effective against inhalation and mosquito modes of transmission.

Answer 14

False, only partially effective in inhalation. Works better with mosquitoes.

Question 15

Where is EEE prevalent in the US?

Answer 15

dense, swampy wooded areas

Question 16

T/F.Most persons with West Nile disease have asymptomatic infections.

Answer 16

True.

Question 17

What is the incubation time for West Nile disease?

Answer 17

2 to 14 days

Question 18

Is there a vaccine for West Nile disease?

Answer 18

No.

Question 19

Why is West Nile disease spread all throughout the US?

Answer 19

migratory pattern of birds

Question 20

Where does replication of the Rabies Virus occur?

Answer 20

cytoplasm

Question 21

What triggers replication in Rabies?

Answer 21

the binding of N protein to RNA triggers genome replication.

Question 22

How is Rabies transmitted?

Answer 22

bite by infected animal

Question 23

How long is the incubation period for Rabies?

Answer 23

1 to 3 months

Question 24

The rabies virus replicates locally until it finds ____.

Answer 24

neurons

Question 25

Rabies moves passively in ______ of peripheral nerves to spinal cord and brain before spreading back to the periphery to innervate ____ _____, where it replicates.

Answer 25

axoplasm; salivary glands

Question 26

what condition is describe as difficulty swallowing leading to “foaming at the mouth”?

Answer 26

hydrophobia

Question 27

T/F. Once the symptoms of rabies appear, the disease is nearly never fatal.

Answer 27

False. Always fatal

Question 28

What days are the 4 doses of Rabies vaccine given?

Answer 28

immediately, 3, 7, and 14 days