Herpesvirus and Papillomavirus

Question 1

T/F. All Herpes viruses are dsDNA viruses.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F. All Herpes viruses are enveloped.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 belong to the _____herpesviridae family.

Answer 3

alpha

Question 4

Cytomegalovirus is part of the _____herpesviridae family.

Answer 4

beta

Question 5

______ is from the gammaherpesviridae family.

Answer 5

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 6

Alphaherpesvirus have a _____ reproduction cycle, ____ spread in culture, and efficient ____ of infected cells.

Answer 6

short; rapid; destruction

Question 7

Where do Alphaherpesviruses establish latency?

Answer 7

sensory ganglia

Question 8

Nearly 2/3 of adults are seropositive for which Herpes infection?

Answer 8

HSV-1

Question 9

What tissues are primarily affected by HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections?

Answer 9

epithelial cells in the skin or mucosa; mucosa are more susceptible.

Question 10

what is the incubation period for HSV-1 and -2?

Answer 10

2 - 14 days (typically 4 - 5 days)

Question 11

What are the symptoms of a HSV infection?

Answer 11

flu-like with localized lesions that spreads primarily to neighboring cells

Question 12

Are most people with HSV infections asymptomatic?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

How long do the symptoms of a HSV infection last?

Answer 13

8 to 12 days

Question 14

During the latency period, HSV’s genome _____ and stays as an ____ in the nucleus.

Answer 14

circularizes; episome

Question 15

what type of ganglia are a common site for latent HSV infections?

Answer 15

peripheral

Question 16

what is required for HSV infection?

Answer 16

cell mediated immune response

Question 17

How does the HSV modulate the immune response?

Answer 17

HSV blocks the production and display of MHC class I and/or II proteins on the cell surface evading detection by T lymphocytes.
Viral proteins bind antibodies and complement proteins.
Counter the effects of interferon.

Question 18

What does acyclovir treatment do for HSV infections?

Answer 18

limits virus replication but cannot eliminate latent infections

Question 19

Betaherpesvirus infections have ____ (long/short) reproductive cycles, ____ (slow/fast) progression in cell culture and have characteristic ______ (large/small) infected cells.

Answer 19

long; slow; enlargement

Question 20

what is the most common childhood cancer in equatorial Africa?

Answer 20

Epstein-Barr virus induced Burkett’s lymphoma

Question 21

In all cases of Burkett’s lymphoma, tumor cells have _______ EBV episomes.

Answer 21

monoclonal

Question 22

what are the three types of Hodgkin’s lymphoma associated with Epstein-barr virus?

Answer 22

NL - nodular sclerosing
MC- mixed cellularity
LD - lymphocyte depleted

(60% to 90% of MC and LD tumors) and (20% to 40% of NL tumors)

Question 23

How does Beta/gammaherpesvirus evade the immune system?

Answer 23

1. Block cell death / inhibits apoptosis
2. Decrease NK cells / inhibit NK receptor activation
3. Decrease antigen presentation / Degrade MHC class I and II / Blocks MHC class II and T-cell receptor interactions.

Question 24

CMV persist in _______ progenitor cells and macrophages in vitro.

Answer 24

hematopoietic

Question 25

EBV persist in ____ and ____ B cells.

Answer 25

genome; memory

Question 26

How are CMV and EBV viruses treated?

Answer 26

self - limiting antiviral therapy that targets genome replication (resistance can develop) immunoprophylaxis no vaccines

Question 27

What is immunoprophylaxis?

Answer 27

passive transfer of antibodies for prevention of CMV infection

Question 28

Human papillmarvirus's viron is ______ (enveloped/non-enveloped) and has _____ __DNA genome.

Answer 28

non-enveloped; circular dsDNA

Question 29

HPV establishes infection in the _____ layer of skin.

Answer 29

basal

Question 30

HPV requires a cell _____ for genome replication in _______ cells

Answer 30

polymerase; differentiating

Question 31

T/F. HPV is non-lytic and the virus is released with dead cell shedding.

Answer 31

True.

Question 32

How is HPV transmitted?

Answer 32

direct skin-to-skin contact, fomites (hardy to environmental stresses)

Question 33

HPV take ____ (days/months) to manifest and warts regress ___% (50/100) of the time on their own in ____ (2 /10) years.

Answer 33

months; 50%; 2 years

Question 34

HPV requires actively ____ cells to replicate and produce progeny.

Answer 34

replicating

Question 35

E7 blocks _____ protein causing continued cell proliferation and E6 blocks ____ tumor suppressor pathway leading to cervical cancer.

Answer 35

retinoblastoma; p53

Question 36

HPV serotype ___ and ___ are responsible for cervical cancer.

Answer 36

16 and 18

Question 37

T/F. Condoms reduce the risk of getting HPV infections

Answer 37

False.

Question 38

What types of HPV are targeted in the Gardasil vaccine?

Answer 38

6, 11, 16, and 18