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Microbiology > Hepatitis Viruses > Flashcards

Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

what virus specifically targets the liver?

A

Hepatitis viruses

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2
Q

where does the Hepatitis viruses infect and replicate?

A

hepatocytes

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3
Q

T/F. Liver damage happens because of hepatitis virus and host responses.

A

true.

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4
Q

Which virus is from the Picornaviridae virus family?

A

Hepatitis A

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5
Q

Which virus is from the Hepadnaviridae family?

A

Hepatitis B

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6
Q

Which virus is from the Flaviviridae family?

A

Hepatitis C

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7
Q

Which virus is from the Deltaviridae family?

A

Hepatitis D

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8
Q

Which virus is from the Calciviridae family?

A

Hepatitis E

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9
Q

Which other virus is in the same family as Hepatitis A?

A

Polio virus (Picornaviridae family)

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10
Q

Which Hepatitis viruses are (+) ssRNA?

A

Hep A, C, and E

ACE = +

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11
Q

Which Hepatitis virus contains DNA? Is the DNA ds or ss?

A

Hep B has circular dsDNA

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12
Q

Which RNA Hepatitis virus is minus sense?

A

Hep D

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13
Q

What three Hepatitis viruses are enveloped?

A

Hep B, C and D (middle three)

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14
Q

What two Hepatitis viruses are non-enveloped?

A

Hep A and E

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15
Q

Which Hepatitis viruses are transmitted fecal-orally?

A

Hep A and E (vowels)

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16
Q

Which Hepatitis viruses are transmitted sexually?

A

All Hepatitis viruses

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17
Q

What two Hepatitis viruses are not transmitted vertically?

A

Hep A and E (vowels)

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18
Q

T/F. Only Hep A is transmissed via parenteral route?

A

False. All Hepatitis viruses are transmitted parenterally.

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19
Q

T/F. Hepatitis A, the cause of food poisoning, is associated with chronic liver disease deaths.

A

False, Hepatitis A, the cause of food poisoning, is NOT associated with chronic disease.

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20
Q

T/F. More individuals in the US will test positive for antibodies to Hep A than Hep B or C.

A

True. Hepatitis A has a higher percent of the population seropositive for the virus.

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21
Q

Hepatitis B is from the _________ family.

A

Hepadnaviridae

22
Q

Hep B’s genome is __DNA, the _____ genome of the human viruses.

A

ds; smallest

23
Q

Hep B’s virion is _____.

A

enveloped

24
Q

Among its many proteins, Hepatitis B contain _______ _______ because it has a RNA intermediate.

A

reverse transcriptase

25
Q

T/F. Hepatitis B can be grown in culture.

A

False.

26
Q

Hepatitis B produces many _____ particles present in infected people.

A

Empty

HBsAy

27
Q

How long is the incubation period for Hepatitis B?

A

30-180 days

28
Q

A patient presents with general malaise, anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, cough and serum-like sickness. Upon further evaluation you notice the patient’s eyes are jaundiced. You suspect that this patient is suffering from a Hepatitis infection. A blood analysis would reveal elevated levels of what marker?

A

alanine-transaminase (ALT) levels

29
Q

How long is the recovery for a patient with Hepatitis infection after the onset of jaundice?

A

3-4 months

30
Q

what factor is found in the blood indicative of chronic hepatitis infection?

A

HBsAG for longer than 6 months confirms chronic infection.

31
Q

What symptoms are experienced by individuals with chronic hepatitis?

A

sporadic episodes of hepatitis
cirrhosis of the liver
increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
-HBV X gene/protein has tumorigenic potential

32
Q

T/F. The vaccine for Hepatitis B was the second approved recombinant vaccine for use in humans.

A

False. It was the first approved recombinant vaccine for use in humans.

33
Q

The vaccine for Hepatitis B requires multiple ______ and is not effective against ______ infection.

A

inoculations; chronic

34
Q

what drugs are used to treat chronic hepatitis infections?

A

interferon - alpha therapy

nucleoside analogs

35
Q

What Hepatitis virus requires active HBV infection?

A

Hep D virus

36
Q

The _____ genome of the Hepatitis D virus encodes for ______ (one/two/three) protein(s).

A

RNA; one

37
Q

Hepatitis D virus is a _____ agent.

A

subviral. Rare in humans. Only other example is adeno-associated virus (AAV) which requires adenovirus infection.

38
Q

Hepatitis C is from the _____ family and has a (+) ___ RNA genome.

A

Flaviviridae; ss

39
Q

T/F. Hepatitis C virus is non-enveloped.

A

False. Hepatitis C virus is enveloped.

40
Q

Where does Hepatitis C replicate?

A

cytoplasm

41
Q

During translation of the Hepatitis C virus, it is missing ____ and is recognized by ___ ___ ___ ___ (IRES)

A

cap; Internal Ribosome Entry Site

42
Q

T/F. Hepatitis C has less milder signs and symptoms than Hep B and therefore does not cause chronic infections.

A

False. Hepatitis C is milder but 80% of infections become chronic.

43
Q

Is there a vaccine for Hepatitis C?

A

No, interferon -alpha treatment is used.

44
Q

Describe the extrahepatic disease associated with Hepatitis C infection.

A

Mixed cryoglobulinemia - antibody and virus complexes deposit in other tissues (kidneys) and elicit an immune response and subsequent tissue damage.

45
Q

How is Hepatitis A infection caused?

A

Ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water

46
Q

How long is the incubation period for Hepatitis A?

A

15-40 days

47
Q

How long does it take for Hepatitis A infections to resolve?

A

8 weeks post infection

48
Q

T/F. There is no vaccine for Hepatitis A.

A

False.

49
Q

What type of disease does Hepatitis E cause?

A

foodborne and waterborne hepatitis

50
Q

In what population does infection with Hepatitis E cause a life-threatening disease?

A

Pregnant women

51
Q

Is there a vaccine for Hep E?

A

no.

Microbiology (9 decks)

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