Childhood Viral Diseases

Question 1

what family does measles belong to?

Answer 1

Paramyxovirus

Question 2

T/F. Measles is a (-) ssRNA non-enveloped virus that replicates in the cytoplasm.

Answer 2

False. Measles is (+)ssRNA enveloped virus that replicates in the cytoplasm

Question 3

what does fusion protein form?

Answer 3

syncytia

Question 4

what does measles require to replicate its (-)ssRNA genome?

Answer 4

polymerase

Question 5

How is measles infection acquired?

Answer 5

thru inhalation of aerosolized droplets

Question 6

During its incubation period of __-__ days, Measles primary infection in respiratory epithelial tissues results in ____.

Answer 6

10-14; primary viremia (virus is in the blood)

Question 7

T/F. A patient who exhibits the symptoms of measles is in the second round of virus replication.

Answer 7

True. This occurs in lymph nodes, tonsils, lungs, GI tract, and spleen

Question 8

Measles recovery occurs ___ days after infection.

Answer 8

20

Question 9

T/F. Measles is the most deadliest rash/fever illness of childhood.

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what is the name of the characteristic bright red spots with bluish centers on buccal mucosafound in measles?

Answer 10

koplik spots

Question 11

what is the cause of koplick spots?

Answer 11

virus and immune response damage to epithelial AND endothelial cells.

Question 12

what complication can measles patients experience if they are vitamin A deficient?

Answer 12

blindness

Question 13

what are two very rare conditions seen in measles patients?

Answer 13

acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

Question 14

T/F. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis occurs 7 to 10 years after measles infection.

Answer 14

true.

Question 15

What are the symptoms of measles?

Answer 15

2-3 days fever

Cough, Coryza, and conjunctivitis (3 C’s)

Question 16

T/F. Measles virus is easy to isolate in culture.

Answer 16

False. difficult

Question 17

Are humans the only host for the measles virus?

Answer 17

Yes.

Question 18

Measles vaccine provides ___ (short/long) immunity and is ___(killed/live-attenuated).

Answer 18

long; live-attenuated

Question 19

Respiraty syncytial virus and Measles belong to the ______ family.

Answer 19

Paramyxoviruses

Question 20

RSV is (__) ssRNA ___ (enveloped/non-enveloped) virus.

Answer 20

(-); enveloped

Question 21

T/F. RSV and measles carry along a polymerase to replicate their genomes.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

RSV infects ___ cells in the respiratory tract epithelium.

Answer 22

ciliated

Question 23

T/F. RSV’s fusion protein does not create a syncytia.

Answer 23

False. RSV fusion protein creates syncytia

Question 24

What is the most important viral agent of serious pediatric respiratory tract infections?

Answer 24

RSV

Question 25

How is RSV transmitted?

Answer 25

inhalation of aerosol or fomites

Question 26

T/F. The replication of RSV is limited to the respiratory tract.

Answer 26

True.

Question 27

The incubation period for RSV is _-_ days and ____(upper/lower) respiratory tract symptoms occur 1 to 3 days after (upper/lower) respiratory tract symptoms.

Answer 27

4-5; lower; upper

Question 28

T/F. Unlike measles, RSV has an animal reservoir.

Answer 28

False. RSV has no animal reservoir other than humans

Question 29

T/F. RSV infection yields life long immunity.

Answer 29

False.

Question 30

T/F. There is a vaccine and antiviral medication for RSV infections.

Answer 30

False.

Question 31

Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is used to provide passive _______. It targets the __ protein and is given (IV/IM) once a month.

Answer 31

immunoprophaylaxis; F (fusion); IM

Question 32

Varicella Zoster virus belongs to which viral family?

Answer 32

alphaherpesvirus

Question 33

Varicella zoster has a _-___ genome that is ____(enveloped/non-enveloped).

Answer 33

ds-DNA; enveloped

Question 34

where does varicella replicate?

Answer 34

nucleus

Question 35

Varicella requires ____(active/inactive) cells for replication and its genome becomes ____(linear/circular) during latent infections.

Answer 35

active; circular

Question 36

T/F. Chickenpox is caused by inhalation of aerosolized droplets and has an incubation period of 10 to 21 days.

Answer 36

true.

Question 37

where is the rash for chickenpox found?

Answer 37

scalp, face, and trunk

Question 38

How does shingles develop?

Answer 38

latent infection of chickenpox that is reactivated

Question 39

How is chickenpox treated?

Answer 39

Live-attenuated vaccination providing life-long immunity

Question 40

what is an antiviral treatment for chickenpox?

Answer 40

acyclovir

Question 41

to what family does Polio belong?

Answer 41

Picornavirus (also Hep A)

Question 42

what is the genome of Polio?

Answer 42

(+)ssRNA

Question 43

is Polio non-enveloped?

Answer 43

yes.

Question 44

where does replication of the Polio genome occur?

Answer 44

cytoplasm

Question 45

How is Polio acquired?

Answer 45

ingestion of material (water) containing virus

Question 46

What is the primary replication site for Polio? What results following infection?

Answer 46

Peyer's patches of the small intestine leading to minor viremia. Secondary replication causes major viremia

Question 47

Polio is shed ___ for __ weeks.

Answer 47

fecally; 6

Question 48

Polio has CNS involvement when the virus replicates in the ___ ___ of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 48

gray matter

Question 49

T/F. There is no vaccine for Polio.

Answer 49

False. Salk and Sabin

Question 50

Salk is ____(killed/live-attenuated) and Sabin is ____(killed/live-attenuated).

Answer 50

salK=Killed | sabin - live attenuated

Question 51

T/F. Polio has no animal reservoir other than humans.

Answer 51

True.

Question 52

Live attenuated vaccines provide ____ and ___ ___ immunity whereas, killed vaccines only provide ____.

Answer 52

antibody; cell mediated; antibody

Question 53

T/F. Rotavirus is in the Reovirus family?

Answer 53

True.

Question 54

The Rotavirus has a _-___ genome with __ segments in a _____ (enveloped/non-enveloped) virion.

Answer 54

ds-RNA; 11; non-enveloped

Question 55

where does Rotavirus replication occur?

Answer 55

cytoplasm

Question 56

T/F. The genome of Rotavirus is never exposed.

Answer 56

True.

Question 57

Rotavirus has an incubation period of __ days with diarrhea occuring 2-3 days after vomiting. Virus shedding occurs ____(days/weeks) before symptoms and ____(days/weeks) after recovery.

Answer 57

2; weeks; days

Question 58

When severe, Rotavirus is seen mostly in children ages __ to __ months.

Answer 58

6 - 24

Question 59

T/F. Rotavirus has infant vaccines available but no antiviral medications. The best treatment is frequent handwashing and oral rehydration.

Answer 59

True.