Neurological System & Emergencies

Question 1

What does the Autonomic nervous system (ANS) control?

Answer 1

Involuntary activities

Question 2

Name the two parts of the ANS

Answer 2

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

Question 3

Define

F.A.S.T

stroke

Answer 3

Facial droop (Dysphasia), Arm drift, Slurred speech, transport or time they were last okay

Question 4

The brainstem controls what functions?

Answer 4

Breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, pupil construction

Question 5

The cerebellum controls what?

Answer 5

Muscle and body coordination

Question 6

The front of the cerebrum controls ___

Answer 6

Emotion & thought

Question 7

The middle of the cerebrum controls what?

Answer 7

Sensation and movement

Question 8

The back of the cerebrum processes what?

Answer 8

Sight

Question 9

How many cranium nerves do we have?

Answer 9

12

Question 10

What causes a tension headache?

Answer 10

Muscle contractions in the head and neck

Question 11

How is the pain associated with a tension headache described?

Answer 11

Squeezing,dull, or as an ache

Question 12

What causes migraine headaches?

Answer 12

Changes in the blood vessels size in the base of the brain

Question 13

How is the pain associated with a migraine headache described?

Answer 13

Pounding, throbbing, pulsating

Question 14

Define

CVA

Answer 14

Cerebrovascular accident also known as a stroke

Question 15

What is a stroke?

Answer 15

interruption of blood flow to an area within the brain that results in loss of brain fuction

Question 16

What is the diffrence between thrombosis and embolus?

Answer 16

Thrombosis forms at the site of blockage
Embolus forms in a remote are amd travels to the site of the blockage

Question 17

~87% of stokes are _____

Answer 17

ischemic stroke

due to a clot

Question 18

Define

Aneurysm

Answer 18

swelling or enlargement of the wall of an artery resulting from a defect or weaking of the arterial wall

Question 19

define

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer 19

warning sign of a stroke

stroke symptoms resolve on their own within 24hrs

Question 20

signs & symptoms

Stroke

Answer 20

• Facial drooping
• sudden weakness or numbness of one side of the body
• ataxia (lack of muscle coordination
• sudden vision loss, blurred, or double vision in one eye
• difficulty swallowing
• Aphasia
• Dysarthria

Question 21

Define

Aphasia

Answer 21

Difficulty expressing thoughts or inability to use the right
words (expressive aphasia) or difficulty understanding spoken
words (receptive aphasia)

Question 22

Define

Dysarthria

Answer 22

Slurred speech

Question 23

Define

Postictal State

Answer 23

The period following a seizure that lasts between 5
and 30 minutes, characterized by labored respirations and some
degree of altered mental status

Question 24

Define

Cerebral Hemorrhage

Answer 24

Bleeding in the brain

Question 25

# True or false Hypoglycemia may appear in a stroke patient

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Always check the ________ in patients with altered mental status

Answer 26

Blood glucose level

Question 27

# Define Seizure

Answer 27

a neurologic episode caused by a surge of electrical activity in the brain

Question 28

# Causes of this type of seizures Epilectic

Answer 28

Congenital origin

Question 29

# Causes of this type of seizures Structural

Answer 29

Tumor (benign or cancerous) Infection (brain abscess) Scar tissue from injury (within the skull) Head trauma Stroke

Question 30

# Causes of this type of seizures Metabolic

Answer 30

Hypoxia Abnormal blood chemical values Hypoglycemia Poisoning Drug overdose Sudden withdrawal from alcohol or medications

Question 31

# Causes of this type of seizures Febrile

Answer 31

Sudden high fever (primarily in children)

Question 32

# Define Hemiparesis

Answer 32

Weakness on one side of the body

Question 33

# Define BE-FAST ## Footnote stroke assessment

Answer 33

* Balance * Eyes * Facial droop * Arm drift * Speech * Time

Question 34

How can we assess Facial droop in a stroke patients?

Answer 34

Ask patient to show teeth or smile ## Footnote Does one side of the patient’s face droop when he or she smiles?

Question 35

How can we assess arm drift in a stroke patients?

Answer 35

Ask patient to close eyes and hold both arms out with palms up ## Footnote Does the patient demonstrate weakness or the inability to move one of the arms?

Question 36

How can we assess speech in a stroke patients?

Answer 36

Ask patient to say, “You can’t teach an old dog new tricks." ## Footnote Is the patient slurring words or using words that do not make sense?

Question 37

# Define Aura

Answer 37

A sensation experienced before a seizure; serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur

Question 38

What are the 4 stages of a seizure?

Answer 38

1. Aura Phase 2. Tonic phase (unresponsive + muscle rigidity/clenching) 3. Clonic phase (uncontrollable muscle contractions) 4. Postictal phase (diminished responsiveness/confusion)

Question 39

# Define Photophobia

Answer 39

abnormal sensitivity to light

Question 40

To assess a possible stroke patient for abnormal speech, you should:

Answer 40

Ask the patient to repeat a common phrase.

Question 41

A patient is unresponsive with her arms and legs violently jerking. What phase of a generalized seizure is the patient demonstrating?

Answer 41

Clonic

Question 42

When assessing a patient for facial droop, you should:

Answer 42

Ask the patient to smile and show their teeth

Question 43

What is the name of the condition when the patient forgets about the injured side after a stroke?

Answer 43

Neglect

Question 44

# Define Hemiparesis

Answer 44

weakness on one side of the body ## Footnote Stroke

Question 45

# Define Ataxia

Answer 45

Lack of coordination and balance

Question 46

# Define Status epilepticus

Answer 46

prolonged seizures (5 minutes or more)

Question 47

# Define Epilepsy

Answer 47

2 or more unprovoked seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart

Question 48

What are some signs someone is in the Postictal state?

Answer 48

confusion

Question 49

# Define Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 49

occurs when the ventricular myocardium is so profoundly damaged that it can no longer keep up with the return flow of blood from the atria

Question 50

# True or false CHF often happens after A MI

Answer 50

True

Question 51

# Define Left sided Heart failure

Answer 51

the lungs become congested with fluid ## Footnote Pulmonary Edema

Question 52

# Define Glasgow Coma Scale ## Footnote What does GCS assess?

Answer 52

* Eye opening (1-4) * Verbal response (1-5) * Motor response (1-6)

Question 53

What are the 4 ratings for eye opening in the GCS?

Answer 53

* Spontaneous 4 * Responsive to speech 3 * Responsive to pain 2 * None 1

Question 54

What are the 5 ratings for verbal response in the GCS?

Answer 54

* Oriented conversation 5 * confuses conversation 4 * inappropriate words 3 * incomprehensible sounds 2 * none 1

Question 55

What are the 6 ratings for motor response in the GCS?

Answer 55

* Obeys commands 6 * localizes pain 5 * withdraws from pain 4 * abnormal flexion 3 * abnormal extension 2 * none 1

Question 56

# Define Petit Mal

Answer 56

A seizure that does not involve any changes in motor activity