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General Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is ASA?

A

Aspirin

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2
Q

What is Asprins classification?

A

Anticoagulant, Platelet Inhibitor

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3
Q

Name 2 indications for Aspirin?

A

Chest pain of myocardial origin & prevent blood clot formation in arteries

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4
Q

What are the 4 contraindications for Aspirin?

A

Allergic to aspirin or non-steroidal antinflammatory drugs NSAIDs, Bleeding disorder, GI bleed, ulcers

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5
Q

How do you administer Aspirin?

A

4 (81mg) tablets chewed and swallowed

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6
Q

What is the onset of Aspirin?

A

5-10 minutes

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7
Q

What is the duration of Aspirin?

A

24 hours

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8
Q

True or false: Aspirin is also recommended for kids.

A

False

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9
Q

What are the 6 Rights?

A

Patient, Time, Drug, Dose, Route, Documentation

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10
Q

What is a MDI?

A

Metered Dose Inhaler

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11
Q

True or False. A MDI is an bronchodilator.

A

True

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12
Q

What is the classification for a MDI?

A

Bronchodilator

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13
Q

What are the Indications for a metered dose inhaler?

A

Bronchospasm caused by Acute Asthma, COPD, Bronchitis, Toxic gas inhalation, near drowning, OD, Pulmonary edema. Also Crush syndrome

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14
Q

True or false: You can give/help someone use a MDI that is not prescribed to them.

A

False

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15
Q

What are the contraindications for Bronchodilator Inhalers?

A

Maximum prescribed inhalation dose taken by patient & inhaler not prescribed for patient

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16
Q

How do you administrate a MDI?

A

Take off the cap, shake vigorously,spray 1 time to check if it’s working, instruct patient to initiate 1 spray while simultaneously inhaling, hold for 3 sec then exhale

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17
Q

What is the onset of Bronchodilator Inhalers?

A

Within 5 minutes

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18
Q

What is the duration of a bronchodilator inhaler (MDI)?

A

4-6 hours

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19
Q

What is Albuterol Sulfate?

A

The active ingredient in Bronchodilator Inhalers (MDI)

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20
Q

What receptor does Albuterol Sulfate interact with?

A

Beta 2

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21
Q

What is the classification of Epinephrine Hydrochloride?

A

Sympathomimetic Agent (catecholamine)

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22
Q

What does Epinephrine do?

A

Dilates bronchioles and constricts blood vessels

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23
Q

What are the indications for Epinephrine?

A

Anaphylaxis and severe asthma

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24
Q

Are there any contraindications of a EpiPen?

A

None that are significant

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25
Q

How do you administer an EpiPen?

A

Take off the top, clean off injection area with a alcohol wipe, coach patient to apply Auto-injector (0.3mg) IM in the upper-outer thigh, throw the injector into a biohazard sharps container,wipe blood and apply band aid if needed. No repeat.

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26
Q

What is the onset of Epinephrine?

A

5-10 minutes

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27
Q

What is the duration of Epinephrine?

A

20 minutes

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28
Q

Can you inject a EpiPen into your buttocks?

A

No

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29
Q

True or false: Adrenaline is the same as a EpiPen.

A

True

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30
Q

What can cause Anaphylaxis?

A

Insect stings, bug bites, foods, drugs or other allergens

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31
Q

Is Naloxone and Narcan the same thing?

A

Yes

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32
Q

What is the classification for Narcan?

A

Opioid (Narcotic) Antagonist

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33
Q

What are the indications for Naloxone Hydrochloride?

A

Suspected narcotic overdose with a respiratory rate <12/minute and/or decreased tidal volume + altered mental status

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34
Q

What are the contraindications for Naloxone?

A

AMS with normal/increased respiration

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35
Q

How do you administer Naloxone?

A

2mg IN via atomizer (1mg in each nostril) No repeat administration
or 2mg IM via auto-injector in the upper outer thigh.

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36
Q

What is the onset of Narcan?

A

Within 5-10 minutes

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37
Q

What is the duration of Narcan?

A

20-90 minutes

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38
Q

True or false: Naloxone does not reverse effects for drugs such as benzodiazepines, bath salts, cocaine, meth or alcohol.

A

True

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39
Q

True or False: Narcan reverses the effects of Xanax.

A

False

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40
Q

After Narcan administration, how long does the acute withdrawal symptoms take to subside?

A

2 hours

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41
Q

What is the classification of Nitroglycerin?

A

Vasodilator

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42
Q

What does Nitroglycerin do?

A

Dilates blood vessels & coronary arteries, decreases the workload on the heart.

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43
Q

What are the indications of nitroglycerin?

A

Chest pain

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44
Q

What are the contraindications of Nitroglycerin?

A

Blood pressure below 100 systolic, patient has taken 3 doses or a dose less than 5 minutes, taken Viagra, Cialis, Levitra or similar medications within 48-72 hours, head injury, altered level of consciousness.

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45
Q

How do you administer Nitroglycerin?

A

1 (0.4mg) tablet SL or 1 spray (0.4mg) SL

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46
Q

What is the onset of Nitroglycerin?

A

1-3 minutes

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47
Q

When does Nitroglycerin peak?

A

5-10 minutes

48
Q

What is the duration of Nitroglycerin?

A

30-60 minutes

49
Q

Define Hypoxemia

A

Decreased oxygen level in arterial blood

50
Q

What are symptoms of asthma?

A

Shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, distressed breathing, and difficulty speaking.

51
Q

How does Naloxone work?

A

It binds to opioid receptors and blocks the receptors preventing the body from responding to opiates and endorphins. Reverses depression of the CNS and respiratory system. Also reversed hypotension in narcotic overdose.

52
Q

What does DICE

A

Drug name, Intergrity, Clarity, Expiration date

53
Q

What are some neurological side effects of aspirin?

54
Q

What are some Respiratory side effects of aspirin?

A

May exacerbate asthma

55
Q

What are some gastrointestinal side effects of aspirin?

A

GI bleeding, nausea, abdominal pain

56
Q

What are some cardiovascular side effects of bronchodilator inhaler?

A

Tachycardia and hypertension

57
Q

What are some respiratory side effects of bronchodilator inhaler?

A

Cough & wheezing

58
Q

What are some neurological side effects of bronchodilator inhaler?

A

Trembling, nervousness, headaches

59
Q

What are some gastrointestinal side effects of bronchodilator inhaler?

60
Q

What are some cardiovascular side effects of epinephrine hydrochloride?

A

Tachycardia, hypertension, chest pain, ventricular fibrillation

61
Q

What is the Respiratory side effect of epinephrine hydrochloride?

A

Difficulty breathing

62
Q

What is the gastrointestinal side effect of epinephrine hydrochloride?

A

Nausea/vomitting

63
Q

What are some neurological side effects of epinephrine hydrochloride?

A

Seizure, cerebral hemorrhage, headache, tremors, dizziness, anxiety

64
Q

What are the cardiovascular side effects of Naloxone Hydrochloride?

A

Tachycardia/bradycardia, hypertension/hypotension, sudden chest pain, dysthymia

65
Q

What are the respiratory side effects of Naloxone Hydrochloride?

A

Respiratory depression & pulmonary edema

66
Q

What are the neurological side effects of Naloxone Hydrochloride?

A

Seizure, headache, irritability/anxiety, tinnitus

67
Q

What are the gastrointestinal side effects of Naloxone Hydrochloride?

A

Nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain

68
Q

What are the cardiovascular side effects of Nitroglycerin?

A

Hypertension, bradycardia, reflex tachycardia, rebound hypertension

69
Q

What are the gastrointestinal side effects of Nitroglycerin?

A

Dry mouth, nausea/vomiting

70
Q

What are the neurological side effects of Nitroglycerin?

A

Throbbing headache, dizziness/faintness, confusion, blurred vision.

71
Q

What are the general side effects of Nitroglycerin?

A

Flushed skin, sublingual burning

72
Q

What does SL mean?

A

Sublingually- medication administered under the tongue

73
Q

True or false: I should shake the nitroglycerin container before administering.

74
Q

What are the indications of oral glucose/paste?

A

Altered mental status, Hx of diabetes, blood glucose <60mg/dL, ability to swallow

75
Q

What are the contraindications of oral glucose/paste?

A

Unresponsive, unable to swallow, blood glucose >60mg/dL

76
Q

What is the dosage of Oral Glucose Paste/Gel?

77
Q

The patients blood glucose level has to be below what number in order to be classified as Hypoglycemic?

78
Q

What is insulin?

A

A hormone that is produced by specialized cells in the pancreas called islets of Langerhans

79
Q

D.I.C.E

A

Drug, Integrity, clarity, expiration

80
Q

D.D.I.C.C

A

Dose, Duration, Indication, contraindications, classification

81
Q

Name 3 Brand names of Naloxone

A

Narcan, Nalone and Evzio

82
Q

A.V.P.U

A

Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive

83
Q

Route of administration: SL

A

Sublingual

84
Q

Route of administration: PO

85
Q

Route of administration: IN

A

Intranasal

86
Q

Route of administration: IM

A

Intramuscular- injection into the muscle

87
Q

Define polypharmacy

A

Use of multiple medications by the same patient

88
Q

Name 7 indications for immediate high-flow O2

A

Respiratory Arrest, Cardiac arrest, shock, anaphylaxis, traumatic brain injury, carbon monoxide poisoning, suspected pneumothorax

89
Q

Define agonist

A

A medication that causes stimulation of receptors

90
Q

Define Antagonist

A

A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications

91
Q

Define Antipyretic

A

Reduces fever

92
Q

Define analgesic

A

Reduces pain

93
Q

Define contraindications

A

Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help or may harm the patient.

94
Q

What does a sympathomimetic do to the body?

A

Increases blood pressure & heart rate and causes bronchial dilation to bring more oxygen to the tissues

95
Q

What is NTG?

A

Nitroglycerin

96
Q

Route of administration: PO

A

Per os- through the mouth, same as oral

97
Q

Route of administration: Transdermal

A

Transcutaneous- through the skin

98
Q

Route of administration: IV

A

Intravenous injection- directly into the vein

99
Q

Route of administration: IO

A

An injection into the bone

100
Q

What does MOA stand for?

A

Mechanism of action

101
Q

What does SVN stand for?

A

Small volume nebulizers

102
Q

True or false: Nitroglycerin causes a mild headache and/or burning under the tongue after administration.

103
Q

Route of administration: PR

A

Per Rectum

104
Q

True or false: OTC drugs must be prescribed by a physician

105
Q

True or false: EMTs should ask about any herbal remedies or vitamins that the patient may be taking

106
Q

Which route of medication administration has the fastest effect?

A

Intravenous

107
Q

What 2 vital signs should you obtain before administering nitroglycerin?

A

Blood pressure (BP) & pulse

108
Q

What is the MOA for albuterol?

A

Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist that causes bronchodialation

109
Q

Define tachyphylaxis

A

This occurs when multiple doses of the same medication in a short time frame builds tolerance

110
Q

53 BASH

A

1 tablet or spray SL no less than 5 minutes apart. No more than 3 doses a day.
B-Blood pressure <100 systolic
A-Altered mental status
S-Sexual enhancement drug within the past 48-72 hours
H-Head trauma

111
Q

signs & symptoms

Hyperglycemia

A
  • urinating large amounts
  • excessive thirst
  • Cheyne-Stokes breathing
  • frequent hunger
  • dry mouth
  • feeling tired
  • decreased LOC

takes hours-days to develop

112
Q

signs and symptoms

Hypoglycemia

A
  • Shakiness
  • Kussmaul breathing
  • AMS
  • Pale
  • dizziness or lightheadedness
  • sweating
  • rapid heartbeat
  • hunger
  • rapid breathing

can develop in seconds-minutes

113
Q

What is the normal blood sugar level?

114
Q

A patient was prescribed alprazolam (Xanax) for his anxiety. In this case, anxiety would be a(n):

A

Indication

115
Q

The unintended effects that occur after the patient takes his medications are called?

A

Side Effects

EMT (13 decks)

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