Cardiological System And Emergencies Flashcards
The aorta recives blood from where?
Left Ventricle
define
coronary arteries
blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle
The right and left carotid arteries supply blood to what part of the body?
Face, scalp, brain
The right and left subclavian arteries supply blood to what part of the body?
going from the neck down to the shoulder
The Brachial arteries supply blood to what part of the body?
bicep & tricep
The Radial and Ulnar arteries supply blood to what part of the body?
forearm to the hands
The right and left iliac arteries supply blood to what part of the body?
Hips
The right and left Femoral arteries supply blood to what part of the body?
Down your thigh near your femoral
The anterior and posterior tibial and peroneal arteries supply blood to what part of the body?
lower leg to the feet
How much of our blood is plasma?
55%
Red blood cells makes up ___ of our blood
45%
The Perfusion Triangle is made up of what 3 parts?
The Heart (Blood pump), Vessels & Blood volume
Define
Ischemia
decreased blood flow
Define
Atherosclerosis
calcium and cholesterol (plaque) buildup in the arteries
examples: excessive Fried foods
Define
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries
Define
Thromboembolism
blood clot floating through blood vessels
if it lodges in a coronary artery, AMI results
True or false: Coronary artery disease is the 2nd leading cause of death in the United States.
False
its the leading cause of death
What is ACS?
Acute coronary syndrome
What causes Acute coronary syndrome?
myocardial ischemia
Define
Angina Pectoris
chest pain
When does angina pectoris occur?
When the heart’s need for oxygen exceeds the supply
crushing, squeezing pain
Define
Unstable Angina
occurs in the absence of a significant increase in oxygen demand
pain does not subside with rest, oxygen, nitro. Can lead to MI
Define
Stable Angina
occurs in response to exercise or activity that increases demand on the heart muscle
fixed with rest, nitro and oxygen
Signs & symptoms of AMI
Chest pain, discomfort, or pressure. lower jaw,arm,back, abdomen or neck pain. Nausea, diaphoresis, irregular heartbeat, syncope, SOB, Pink frothy sputum, Asymptomatic
Name the heart valves in order
- Tricuspid
- Pulmonic
- Mitral (Bicuspid)
- Aortic
Define
Dysrhythmia
heart rhythm abnormalities
electrical issues
Define
Asystole
Absence of all heart electrical activity
In order to be classified a hypertension emergency, the systolic has to be above what number?
180mm Hg
Define
Aortic Aneurysm
its a weakness in the wall of the aorta
susceptible to rupture
What can cause Aortic Aneurysm?
uncontrolled hypertension
Define
Dissecting aneurysm
occurs when the inner layers of the aorta become seperated
Signs & Symptoms
Aortic Aneurysm
very sudden chest pain that comes on full force. described as sharp or tearing. blood pressure discrepancy between arms or decrease in carotid pulse, region/radiation between the shoulder blade
Define
Infarction
death of tissue
What is cardiogenic shock?
When the heart fails as a pump
What is Bexs triad?
Cardiac Tamponade
- JVD
- Diminished heart sounds
- hypotension
What is another name for the mitral valve?
Bicuspid valve
what valve is between there right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
True or false: The pulmonary vein is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood?
True
True or false: The pulmonary artery is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood?
true
Do veins carry oxygenated blood or deoxygenated blood?
deoxygenated
Name the upper chambers of the heart
Left & Right atrium
Name the lower chambers of the heart
Left and right ventricle
Name the 3 parts of the perfusion triangle
- Heart
- Blood vessels
- blood
What is stroke volume
The volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction
What the first sign of inadequate perfusion?
Skin signs
Name the 3 layers of the blood vessels?
- Tunica Aventia (Outermost layer)
- Tunica Media(middle layer)
- Tunica Intima (inner layer)
Define
Automaticity
Cardiac Muscle Cells
they function automaticly
What does the SA node do?
Generates electrical signal that causes the upper chambers Atrium to contract
considered the pacemaker of the heart (60-100)
What does the AV node do?
generates electrical signal for the lower chambers (Ventricles) to contract or pump
Secondary pacemaker (40-60)
Define
Purkinje Fibers
the tips of the bundle branches
last resort for pacemaking (20-40)
Define
P wave
atrias are contracting (depolarization)
Define
Q-R-S Complex
Ventricle contractions (depolarization)
Define
T wave
Ventricles fills back up with blood (repolarization)
Define
OPQRST
*Onset
*Provocation
* Quality
* Region/radiation
* Severity
* Timing
Chest Pain Assesment
What is this numonic
COPS
Checking if someone is in shock
- Capillary Refill
- Obvious Bleeding
- Pulse
- Skin Signs
Name the 2 shockable rhythms
Ventricular Tachycardia & Ventricular Fibrilation
Name 2 unshockable rhythms
Asystole, Pulseless Electrical Activity
Define
NSR
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Define
PEA
Pulseless electrical activity- A heart rhythem that does not produce a pulse
Define
Ventricular Fibrillation
Disorganized
Define
STEMI
ST Elevation, Means they are having a active MI
Define
CHF
Congestive heart Failure
there is left and right sided CHF
How long does the pain last when a paitent is experiencing Angina Pectoris?
3-8min
resolves with rest, oxygen and nitroglycerin
List the symptoms
Unstable Angina
chest discomfort, shortness of breath, pain in upper body region, nausea or dizziness
Left sided CHF has fluid backup where?
Pulmonary Edema
Right sided CHF has fluid backup where?
JVD, Pedal Edema
List The Symptoms
Left sided CHF Symptons
pulmonary edema, crackles, blood tinged sputum, exertional dyspnea, restlessness, cyanosis, cough
List the symptoms
Right sided CHF
JVD, Dependent Edema, Ascites, enlarged liver & spleen, fatigue
need to comlete this card
C.O.P.S
to asses if someone is in shock
, obvious bleeding, pulse, skin signs
P.O.W.R
What to do if they are in shock
- Position (lay them supine)
- Oxygen
- Warmth
- rapid transport
Define
Erythrocyte
Red Blood Cell
Define
Leukocyte
White Blood Cell
Arteries always carry:
Blood away from the heart
What is the average blood volume for and adult?
4-6 Liters
Veins always carry:
Blood to the heart
What is the name of the chambers of the heart that contract simultaneously to pump blood out of the heart?
Ventricles
What part of the heart controls the pace of the heart rate?
Sinoatrial Node
(SA node)
Define
Right Sided Heart Failure
blood backs up in the venae cavae, resulting in
edema in the lower extremities or distention of the veins JVD in the neck
Conditions that may mimic Stroke (CVA)
- Hypoglycemia
- Postictal State
- Subdural or epidural bleeding (a collection of blood near the skull
that presses on the brain)
Define
Occlusion
Blockage
Name the 3 layers of the heart
Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
signs of symptoms
Lighting strike
loss of consciousness, long term neurological problems, burns, hearing/vision loss
Whats the cause of heart failure?
Coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, MI, Diabetes, lifestyle factors
Signs and symptoms
Cardiogenic shock
chest pain, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat, cold clammy skin, confusion. weak pulse, low BP
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
