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Cardiological System And Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

The aorta recives blood from where?

A

Left Ventricle

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2
Q

define

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle

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3
Q

The right and left carotid arteries supply blood to what part of the body?

A

Face, scalp, brain

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4
Q

The right and left subclavian arteries supply blood to what part of the body?

A

going from the neck down to the shoulder

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5
Q

The Brachial arteries supply blood to what part of the body?

A

bicep & tricep

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6
Q

The Radial and Ulnar arteries supply blood to what part of the body?

A

forearm to the hands

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7
Q

The right and left iliac arteries supply blood to what part of the body?

A

Hips

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8
Q

The right and left Femoral arteries supply blood to what part of the body?

A

Down your thigh near your femoral

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9
Q

The anterior and posterior tibial and peroneal arteries supply blood to what part of the body?

A

lower leg to the feet

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10
Q

How much of our blood is plasma?

A

55%

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11
Q

Red blood cells makes up ___ of our blood

A

45%

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12
Q

The Perfusion Triangle is made up of what 3 parts?

A

The Heart (Blood pump), Vessels & Blood volume

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13
Q

Define

Ischemia

A

decreased blood flow

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14
Q

Define

Atherosclerosis

A

calcium and cholesterol (plaque) buildup in the arteries

examples: excessive Fried foods

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15
Q

Define

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

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16
Q

Define

Thromboembolism

A

blood clot floating through blood vessels

if it lodges in a coronary artery, AMI results

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17
Q

True or false: Coronary artery disease is the 2nd leading cause of death in the United States.

A

False

its the leading cause of death

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18
Q

What is ACS?

A

Acute coronary syndrome

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19
Q

What causes Acute coronary syndrome?

A

myocardial ischemia

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20
Q

Define

Angina Pectoris

A

chest pain

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21
Q

When does angina pectoris occur?

A

When the heart’s need for oxygen exceeds the supply

crushing, squeezing pain

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22
Q

Define

Unstable Angina

A

occurs in the absence of a significant increase in oxygen demand

pain does not subside with rest, oxygen, nitro. Can lead to MI

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23
Q

Define

Stable Angina

A

occurs in response to exercise or activity that increases demand on the heart muscle

fixed with rest, nitro and oxygen

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24
Q

Signs & symptoms of AMI

A

Chest pain, discomfort, or pressure. lower jaw,arm,back, abdomen or neck pain. Nausea, diaphoresis, irregular heartbeat, syncope, SOB, Pink frothy sputum, Asymptomatic

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25
Name the heart valves in order
1. Tricuspid 2. Pulmonic 3. Mitral (Bicuspid) 4. Aortic
26
# Define Dysrhythmia
heart rhythm abnormalities ## Footnote electrical issues
27
# Define Asystole
Absence of all heart electrical activity
28
In order to be classified a hypertension emergency, the systolic has to be above what number?
180mm Hg
29
# Define Aortic Aneurysm
its a weakness in the wall of the aorta ## Footnote susceptible to rupture
30
What can cause Aortic Aneurysm?
uncontrolled hypertension
31
# Define Dissecting aneurysm
occurs when the inner layers of the aorta become seperated
32
# Signs & Symptoms Aortic Aneurysm
very sudden chest pain that comes on full force. described as sharp or tearing. blood pressure discrepancy between arms or decrease in carotid pulse, region/radiation between the shoulder blade
33
# Define Infarction
death of tissue
34
What is cardiogenic shock?
When the heart fails as a pump
35
What is Bexs triad? ## Footnote Cardiac Tamponade
1. JVD 2. Diminished heart sounds 3. hypotension
36
What is another name for the mitral valve?
Bicuspid valve
37
what valve is between there right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
38
True or false: The pulmonary vein is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood?
True
39
True or false: The pulmonary artery is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood?
true
40
Do veins carry oxygenated blood or deoxygenated blood?
deoxygenated
41
Name the upper chambers of the heart
Left & Right atrium
42
Name the lower chambers of the heart
Left and right ventricle
43
Name the 3 parts of the perfusion triangle
1. Heart 2. Blood vessels 3. blood
44
What is stroke volume
The volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction
45
What the first sign of inadequate perfusion?
Skin signs
46
Name the 3 layers of the blood vessels?
1. Tunica Aventia (Outermost layer) 2. Tunica Media(middle layer) 3. Tunica Intima (inner layer)
47
# Define Automaticity
Cardiac Muscle Cells ## Footnote they function automaticly
48
What does the SA node do?
Generates electrical signal that causes the upper chambers Atrium to contract ## Footnote considered the pacemaker of the heart (60-100)
49
What does the AV node do?
generates electrical signal for the lower chambers (Ventricles) to contract or pump ## Footnote Secondary pacemaker (40-60)
50
# Define Purkinje Fibers
the tips of the bundle branches ## Footnote last resort for pacemaking (20-40)
51
# Define P wave
atrias are contracting (depolarization)
52
# Define Q-R-S Complex
Ventricle contractions (depolarization)
53
# Define T wave
Ventricles fills back up with blood (repolarization)
54
# Define OPQRST
*Onset *Provocation * Quality * Region/radiation * Severity * Timing ## Footnote Chest Pain Assesment
55
# What is this numonic COPS ## Footnote Checking if someone is in shock
* Capillary Refill * Obvious Bleeding * Pulse * Skin Signs
56
Name the 2 shockable rhythms
Ventricular Tachycardia & Ventricular Fibrilation
57
Name 2 unshockable rhythms
Asystole, Pulseless Electrical Activity
58
# Define NSR
Normal Sinus Rhythm
59
# Define PEA
Pulseless electrical activity- A heart rhythem that does not produce a pulse
60
# Define Ventricular Fibrillation
Disorganized
61
# Define STEMI
ST Elevation, Means they are having a active MI
62
# Define CHF
Congestive heart Failure ## Footnote there is left and right sided CHF
63
How long does the pain last when a paitent is experiencing Angina Pectoris?
3-8min ## Footnote resolves with rest, oxygen and nitroglycerin
64
# List the symptoms Unstable Angina
chest discomfort, shortness of breath, pain in upper body region, nausea or dizziness
65
Left sided CHF has fluid backup where?
Pulmonary Edema
66
Right sided CHF has fluid backup where?
JVD, Pedal Edema
67
# List The Symptoms Left sided CHF Symptons
pulmonary edema, crackles, blood tinged sputum, exertional dyspnea, restlessness, cyanosis, cough
68
# List the symptoms Right sided CHF
JVD, Dependent Edema, Ascites, enlarged liver & spleen, fatigue
69
# need to comlete this card C.O.P.S ## Footnote to asses if someone is in shock
, obvious bleeding, pulse, skin signs
70
P.O.W.R ## Footnote What to do if they are in shock
* Position (lay them supine) * Oxygen * Warmth * rapid transport
71
# Define Erythrocyte
Red Blood Cell
72
# Define Leukocyte
White Blood Cell
73
Arteries always carry:
Blood away from the heart
74
What is the average blood volume for and adult?
4-6 Liters
75
Veins always carry:
Blood to the heart
76
What is the name of the chambers of the heart that contract simultaneously to pump blood out of the heart?
Ventricles
77
What part of the heart controls the pace of the heart rate?
Sinoatrial Node (SA node)
78
# Define Right Sided Heart Failure
blood backs up in the venae cavae, resulting in edema in the lower extremities or distention of the veins JVD in the neck
79
Conditions that may mimic Stroke (CVA)
* Hypoglycemia * Postictal State * Subdural or epidural bleeding (a collection of blood near the skull that presses on the brain)
80
# Define Occlusion
Blockage
81
Name the 3 layers of the heart
Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
82
# signs of symptoms Lighting strike
loss of consciousness, long term neurological problems, burns, hearing/vision loss
83
Whats the cause of heart failure?
Coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, MI, Diabetes, lifestyle factors
84
# Signs and symptoms Cardiogenic shock
chest pain, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat, cold clammy skin, confusion. weak pulse, low BP
85
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta

EMT (21 decks)

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