Neurological Disorders Flashcards
What medications can you give for migraine treatment in pregnant women?
Tylenol
Propanolol
Metoclopramide
triptans, topiramate, gaba, valporic acid, all are a big no no!
What is the abortive treatment for a cluster headache
What is the prophylaxis treatment?
- Oxygen + triptan
- Calcium Channel Blocker (verapramil)
What are the differences between
- Kinetic Tremor
- Postural Tremor
- Intention Tremor
Kinetic: tremor with movement, speech
Postural: tremor against gravity, sitting from standing, holding heavy object
3. Intention tremor: tremor with purposeful movement
What is the treatment for an essential tremor?
Propanolol
How would you diagnose fibromyalgia?
chronic pain 3 months
there are 18 points on the body of pain, and if you must have at-least 11 points of pain
chronic fatigue
sleep problems
What symptoms would you see with menengitis?
Petichiae
Fever + headache
neckstiffness
Kernigs + Brudzinkis sign
Describe a positive Kernig sign
individual lying on their back with their hips and knees flexed and bent at a 90-degree angle.
the clinician will slowly extend and straighten one knee at a time.
Resistance, pain, or an inability to extend the knee is indicative of a positive Kernig’s sign.
Pain felt during this maneuver is usually experienced in the lower back.
what cranial nerve is impacted by bell palsy?
Its cranial nerve VII
its one-sided facial drooping
How could you differentiate bell palsy from a stroke?
with bell palsy, its the ENTIRE face, upper and lower that is drooping
with a stroke it is half the face, from cheek —> mouth
no eye involvement
What is eplilepsy?
2 or more seizures must be 24 hours a part
T.F
Epilepsy affects males/females/ethnicities the same
yes
What happens during parkinsons disease?
neurodegenerative disease that impacts dopamine producing neurons
less dopamine
What are the symptoms of parkinsons?
tremor
bradykinesia
limb rigity
gait and balance problems
What are the symptoms of optic neuritis ?
hyperemic optic disc
blurred optic disc margins
pain with EOM
blurred vision
What neurological condition is associated with optic neuritis?
Multiple sclerosis
What is neurofibromatosis
a neurological + derm condition where tumors grow on nerve endings, decreased sensation
what are cafe au lait spots?
Flat, light brown to dark brown spots > 5mm. If six or more spots larger than 0.5 cm in diameter are seen, rule out neurofibromatosis or Von Recklinghausen’s
Disease (neurological disorder marked by seizures, learning disorders, etc).
Refer
to pediatric neurologist if the spots meet the same criteria to rule out neurofibromatosis
What two neurological tests, assess cerebellar function?
Romberg
Tandem gait
What is a normal Reflex grade?
2+
what is a positive brudzinkis test?
if you bend the neck, the patient’s hips and knees will flex
what cranial nerve is being evaluated is patients are instructed to shrug their shoulders?
XI. (eleven) Spinal accessory
What cranial nerve is tested for webber and rhinne?
Cranial nerve 8, VIII acoustic
Herpes zoster infection on what cranial nerve can cause blindness?
Trigeminal cranial nerve (5) V
Which of the following cranial nerves is evaluated when a wisp of cotton is lightly brushed against the corner of the eye?
Cranial nerve V (5) Trigemineal nerve
Which cranial nerve innervates the extraocular muscles of the eyes?
CN III, CN IV, and CN VI
3,4,6
Oculomotor, Trochelar, Abducens
Compression of cranial nerve V can cause what ?
Trigeminal neuralgia (compression of trigeminal nerve)
Headache pain with chewing drinking talking
What cranial nerve is impacted by bell palsy
Cranial nerve VII (7) Facial nerve
What phrase can you memorize for the cranial nerves?
On (Olfactory)
Old (Optic)
Olympus - Oculomotor
Towering - Trochlear
Tops- Trigemineal
A- Abducens
Finn- Facial
And- Acoustic
German - Glossoparyngeal
Viewed- Vagus
Some - Spinal accessory
Hops- Hypoglossal
What is the difference between the prophylaxis treatment of cluster migraines and migraines?
Cluster prophylaxix CCB (VermaPRIL)
Migraine (beta blocker -olol)
How do you treat an essential tremor?
Betablocker, propanolol
What causes a subarachnoid hemmorrhage
BIG RED FLAG
its a life threatening type of stroke; spontaneous bleed
could be caused by:
trauma
HTN
AVM
Smoking
Aneurysm
What are the key symptoms of a subarrachnoid hemmorrhage?
WORST HEADACHE OF MY LIFE
NECK STIFFNESS
photophobia
Blurred vision
LOC
seizures
What type of hemorrhage is most common with a head injury?
Subdural haemorrhage
What is the treatment for Trigemneal neuralgia/ TIC Doucloureux?
Carbamazepine
What causes Carpal Tunnel syndrome?
Compression of the median nerve
What two tests can be used to assess for Carpal Tunnel?
Tinel’s sign (tapping median nerve)
Phalen sign (upside down prayer)
What symptoms would you expect to see in Lewy Body dementia
3 Components:
- Hallucinations
- Parkinson/movement issues/resting tremor
- Cognitive/memory problems
What score on the MMSE would indicate dementia?
less than 24
What is the difference between Parkinsons and Multiple Sclerosis?
Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis are neurodegenerative diseases that affect your brain and spinal cord.
Multiple sclerosis occurs when your immune system attacks cells that cover your nerves. Parkinson’s is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing cells in a part of your brain called the substantia nigra.
What are some of the syptoms of MS
This can be very broad, but THINK:
- Vision changes/ optic neuritis!
- balance
- muscle control/weakness
