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Neurological Flashcards

1
Q

No insight into visual loss

A

Cortical blindness (Anton-Babinski syndrome)

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2
Q

Neuropathy + heart failure

A

Wet beriberi

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3
Q

Absent gag reflex + tongue wasting and fasciculations + nasal speech

A

Bulbar palsy

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4
Q

Loss of buttock sensation + urinary incontinence

A

Cauda equina syndrome

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5
Q

Inverted champagne bottle legs

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome

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6
Q

Lucid interval before rapid decline in consciousness

A

Extradural haemorrhage

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7
Q

URTI followed by distal limb weakness + sensory loss + type II respiratory failure

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome

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8
Q

Parkinsonism + autonomic changes

A

Multisystem atrophy

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9
Q

IgG antibodies to ACh receptors

A

Myasthenia gravis

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10
Q

Anterior mediastinal tumour

A

Thymoma (myasthenia gravis)

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11
Q

Café-au-lait spots

A

Type I neurofibromatosis

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12
Q

Lisch nodules

A

Type I neurofibromatosis

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13
Q

Axillary/inguinal freckling

A

Type I neurofibromatosis

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14
Q

Bilateral acoustic neuromas

A

Type II neurofibromatosis

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15
Q

Cognitive impairment + gait dyspraxia + urinary incontinence

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

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16
Q

Ventricular dilatation with involutional changes on CT head

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

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17
Q

Pale discs on fundoscopy

A

Optic atrophy

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18
Q

LMN lesion of CN IX, X and XII

A

Bulbar palsy

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19
Q

UMN lesion of CN IX, X and XII

A

Pseudobulbar palsy

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20
Q

Increased gag reflex and jaw jerk + spastic tongue + Donald Duck speech

A

Pseudobulbar palsy

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21
Q

Unilateral facial palsy + pain + vesicles

A

Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster)

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22
Q

Vision loss with normal fundoscopy

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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23
Q

Delay in visual evoked response

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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24
Q

Stepwise loss of cognitive function

A

Vascular dementia

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25
Q

Senile plaques + neurofibrillary tangles + Tao bodies

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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26
Q

Xanthochromia

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

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27
Q

Oligoclonal bands + IgG

A

Multiple sclerosis

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28
Q

Chorea + dementia

A

Huntington’s disease

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29
Q

Superior quadrantanopia

A

Temporal lobe lesion

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30
Q

Inferior quadrantanopia

A

Parietal lobe lesion

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31
Q

Ophthalmoplegia + ataxia + confusion

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

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32
Q

Nystagmus/ataxia + intention tremor + dysarthria (scanning/staccato speech)

A

Multiple sclerosis (Charcot’s triad)

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33
Q

Pupils that constrict with accommodation but not light

A

Argyll Robertson pupils

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34
Q

3Hz EEG spike

A

Absence seizure

35
Q

Pseudopalisading necrosis

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

36
Q

Psammoma bodies + spindle cells

A

Meningioma

37
Q

Biconvex collection on CT

A

Extradural haemorrhage

38
Q

S100 stain

A

Schwannoma

39
Q

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy + horizontal diplopia

A

Multiple sclerosis (internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to medial longitudinal fasciculus injury)

40
Q

Sleep deprivation

41
Q

Positive Romberg’s test

A

Peripheral sensory nerve lesion

42
Q

Weakness + Hx of transient unilateral vision loss in young woman

A

Multiple sclerosis

43
Q

Relative afferent pupillary defect

A

Multiple sclerosis

44
Q

Blurred vision + impaired colour discrimination

A

Multiple sclerosis

45
Q

Foot drop + loss of sensation over 1st dorsal web space

A

Common peroneal nerve lesion

46
Q

Loss of sensation over sole of foot

A

Tibial nerve lesion

47
Q

Difficulty raising child post-Caesarean pregnancy

A

High spinal anaesthesia

48
Q

Pleomorphic astrocytes + necrosis

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

49
Q

Ill-defined lesion expanding corpus callosum and compressing ventricles

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

50
Q

Expressive/non-fluent dysphasia

A

Frontal lobe lesion (Broca’s area)

51
Q

Receptive/fluent dysphasia

A

Temporal lobe lesion (Wernicke’s area)

52
Q

Jargon speech

A

Temporal lobe lesion (Wernicke’s area)

53
Q

Homonymous hemianopia + receptive/fluent dysphasia

A

Temporoparietal lobe lesion

54
Q

Contralateral hemiparesis + homonymous hemianopia

A

PCA stroke

55
Q

Sudden headache + papilloedema + empty delta sign on CT

A

Sagittal sinus thrombosis

56
Q

Thrombophilia + sudden headache

A

Sagittal sinus thrombosis

57
Q

Festinating gait

A

Parkinson’s disease

58
Q

Waddling gait

A

Proximal myopathy

59
Q

Stroke with pupillary constriction

A

Pontine stroke

60
Q

Alexia without agraphia (can’t read but can write)

A

PCA stroke

61
Q

Hypotension (widened pulse pressure) + bradycardia + irregular respiration

A

Elevated intracranial pressure (Cushing’s triad)

62
Q

Dementia + localised brain atrophy

A

Pick’s disease (type of frontotemporal dementia)

63
Q

Foot drop after hip replacement

A

Sciatic nerve

64
Q

Fixed, dilated pupil + down-and-out eye

A

CN III palsy

65
Q

Vertical diplopia on looking down

A

CN IV palsy

66
Q

Bielschowsky test

A

CN IV palsy

67
Q

Hallucinations + Parkinsonian symptoms

A

Lewy body dementia

68
Q

Disinhibition + executive dysfunction + Pick cell/bodies

A

Frontotemporal dementia

69
Q

Fever + meningism + confusion

A

Encephalitis

70
Q

Aura + seizure + postictal amnesia

A

Complex focal seizure

71
Q

Focal seizure without impaired consciousness

A

Simple focal seizure

72
Q

Automatisms

A

Focal temporal lobe seizure

73
Q

Déjà/jamais vu

A

Focal temporal lobe seizure

74
Q

Jacksonian march

A

Focal frontal lobe seizure

75
Q

Olfactory/gustatory hallucinations

A

Focal temporal lobe (uncus) seizure

76
Q

Auditory hallucinations

A

Focal temporal lobe (auditory cortex) seizure

77
Q

Seizure with emotional disturbance (e.g. terror, panic, anger, elation)

A

Focal temporal lobe (hippocampus) seizure

78
Q

Todd’s palsy (transient focal weakness)

A

Focal frontal lobe seizure

79
Q

Down-and-out eye + headache after head trauma

A

Extradural haemorrhage

80
Q

Purpuric rash + meningism

A

Neisseria meningitides

81
Q

Lhermitte sign (electric pain down spine/legs on neck flexion)

A

Multiple sclerosis

82
Q

Parkinsonism + vertical gaze palsy

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy

83
Q

High CSF protein + demyelination after infection

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome

84
Q

Atrophy of caudate and putamen

A

Huntington’s disease

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