Neurological Flashcards
No insight into visual loss
Cortical blindness (Anton-Babinski syndrome)
Neuropathy + heart failure
Wet beriberi
Absent gag reflex + tongue wasting and fasciculations + nasal speech
Bulbar palsy
Loss of buttock sensation + urinary incontinence
Cauda equina syndrome
Inverted champagne bottle legs
Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome
Lucid interval before rapid decline in consciousness
Extradural haemorrhage
URTI followed by distal limb weakness + sensory loss + type II respiratory failure
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Parkinsonism + autonomic changes
Multisystem atrophy
IgG antibodies to ACh receptors
Myasthenia gravis
Anterior mediastinal tumour
Thymoma (myasthenia gravis)
Café-au-lait spots
Type I neurofibromatosis
Lisch nodules
Type I neurofibromatosis
Axillary/inguinal freckling
Type I neurofibromatosis
Bilateral acoustic neuromas
Type II neurofibromatosis
Cognitive impairment + gait dyspraxia + urinary incontinence
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Ventricular dilatation with involutional changes on CT head
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Pale discs on fundoscopy
Optic atrophy
LMN lesion of CN IX, X and XII
Bulbar palsy
UMN lesion of CN IX, X and XII
Pseudobulbar palsy
Increased gag reflex and jaw jerk + spastic tongue + Donald Duck speech
Pseudobulbar palsy
Unilateral facial palsy + pain + vesicles
Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster)
Vision loss with normal fundoscopy
Retrobulbar neuritis
Delay in visual evoked response
Retrobulbar neuritis
Stepwise loss of cognitive function
Vascular dementia
Senile plaques + neurofibrillary tangles + Tao bodies
Alzheimer’s disease
Xanthochromia
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Oligoclonal bands + IgG
Multiple sclerosis
Chorea + dementia
Huntington’s disease
Superior quadrantanopia
Temporal lobe lesion
Inferior quadrantanopia
Parietal lobe lesion
Ophthalmoplegia + ataxia + confusion
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Nystagmus/ataxia + intention tremor + dysarthria (scanning/staccato speech)
Multiple sclerosis (Charcot’s triad)
Pupils that constrict with accommodation but not light
Argyll Robertson pupils