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Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Ejection systolic murmur + BP difference in arms + radio-femoral delay

A

Aortic coarctation

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2
Q

Rib notching on CXR

A

Aortic coarctation

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3
Q

Slow rising pulse + heaving apex beat

A

Aortic stenosis

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4
Q

Atrial plop in early diastole

A

Atrial myxoma

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5
Q

Increased JVP + hypotension + muffled heart sounds

A

Cardiac tamponade

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6
Q

Kussmaul’s sign (paradoxical rise in JVP with inspiration)

A

Constrictive pericarditis (and cardiac tamponade)

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7
Q

Prominent x descent + absent y descent

A

Cardiac tamponade

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8
Q

Prominent x and y descents

A

Constrictive pericarditis

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9
Q

Reverse tick, sloping ST depression + T wave inversion

A

Digoxin effect

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10
Q

Machinery murmur

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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11
Q

Chest pain + fever + pericardial effusion + high ESR weeks/months after AMI

A

Pericarditis

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12
Q

Brisk/jerky pulse

A

HOCM

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13
Q

Aschoff nodules

A

Rheumatic fever

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14
Q

Cannon ‘a’ waves

A

3rd degree heart block

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15
Q

Large ‘v’ waves

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

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16
Q

Young female with palpitations

A

SVT

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17
Q

Palpitations + dizziness in young female with eating disorder or alcoholic

A

Torsades de pointes

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18
Q

Ejection systolic murmur + fixed S2 splitting

A

Atrial septal defect

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19
Q

Pansystolic murmur over lower left sternal edge

A

Ventricular septal defect

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20
Q

Chest pain + dyspnoea + anuria + limb pain/pallor + paraplegia

A

Aortic dissection

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21
Q

Distortion of aortic knuckle + mediastinal widening on CXR

A

Aortic dissection

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22
Q

Stroke after infective endocarditis

A

Mycotic aneurysm

23
Q

Double heart border on CXR

A

Mitral stenosis

24
Q

Double apical impulse

25
Q

Polyarthritis + carditis + rash + chorea after throat infection

A

Rheumatic fever

26
Q

Leg aching after prolonged standing

A

Varicose veins/chronic venous insufficiency

27
Q

Haemosiderin deposition

A

Varicose veins/chronic venous insufficiency

28
Q

Corona phlebectatica

A

Varicose veins/chronic venous insufficiency

29
Q

Lipodermatosclerosis

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

30
Q

Atrophie blanche

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

31
Q

S4 heart sound + soft S2

A

Aortic stenosis

32
Q

S3 heart sound + soft S1 + displaced apex beat

A

Mitral regurgitation

33
Q

Increased pulse pressure + displaced apex beat

A

Aortic regurgitation

34
Q

Opening snap + mid-diastolic rumble

A

Mitral stenosis

35
Q

Tapping apex beat

A

Mitral stenosis

36
Q

Right heart failure + displaced apex beat in alcoholic

A

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

37
Q

Collapsing pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

38
Q

Loud S1

A

Mitral stenosis

39
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

40
Q

Bifid P wave + RVH + RAD

A

Mitral stenosis

41
Q

Narrow pulse pressure

A

Aortic stenosis

42
Q

ST depression + dominant R waves in V1-3

A

Posterior STEMI

43
Q

Pansystolic murmur over left sternal edge

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

44
Q

Haemosiderin-laden cells in alveoli in CHF

A

Macrophages

45
Q

Systolic murmur 2-8 days after AMI

A

Ventricular septal defect

46
Q

Plateau pulse

A

Aortic stenosis

47
Q

Fixed raised JVP

A

SVC obstruction

48
Q

Erythema marginatum (erythematous rings on trunk)

A

Rheumatic fever

49
Q

Dilated ventricles with global hypokinesis on echo

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

50
Q

Arrhythmia after repeated vomiting

A

Torsades de pointes (due to hypokalaemia)

51
Q

Rash on face + murmur

A

Mitral stenosis (malar flush)

52
Q

SVT refractory to vagal manoeuvres and adenosine

A

Atrial tachycardia

53
Q

Jaundice after infective endocarditis

A

Traumatic haemolysis

54
Q

Collapse in patient on antihypertensives

A

Postural hypotension

Buzzwords (12 decks)

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