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Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Dysphagia for solids and liquids

A

Achalasia

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2
Q

Beak-like tapering of lower oesophagus on barium swallow

A

Achalasia

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3
Q

PR bleeding + anal pain + pruritus ani + excoriations in homosexual man

A

Anal carcinoma

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4
Q

Discharge causing perianal skin excoriation and pruritus ani

A

Anal fistula

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5
Q

Perianal condition associated with Crohn’s disease

A

Anal fistula

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6
Q

Constipation + mucus + tenesmus

A

Bowel cancer

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7
Q

Abdominal pain + ascites + hepatomegaly + hypercoagulable state

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

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8
Q

Lymphocytes + plasma cells + neutrophils (if active) on stomach biopsy

A

Chronic gastritis

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9
Q

Hyperglycaemia/diabetes + calcifications on AXR

A

Chronic pancreatitis

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10
Q

Severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised patient

A

Cryptosporidium

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11
Q

Diarrhoea + dilation of colon on AXR + oocytes in stool

A

Cryptosporidium

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12
Q

Hyperaemic mucosa and partial thickness erosions of stomach on endoscopy

A

Erosive gastritis

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13
Q

Hard faeces in rectum

A

Faecal impaction

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14
Q

Thickened, rigid gastric wall on endoscopy

A

Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

Signet ring cells on stomach biopsy

A

Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma

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16
Q

Subacute/chronic diarrhoea with features of malabsorption

A

Giardiasis

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17
Q

Diarrhoea from substandard drinking water

A

Giardiasis

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18
Q

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia associated with acute illness

A

Gilbert’s syndrome

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19
Q

Diabetes/heart failure + skin discolouration

A

Haemochromatosis

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20
Q

Bloody diarrhoea after reconstructive arterial surgery

A

Ischaemic colitis

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21
Q

Ulceration and haemorrhage of distal colon (splenic flexure, rectum) on endoscopy

A

Ischaemic colitis

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22
Q

Heavy infiltrate of atypical lymphocytes on stomach biopsy

A

MALT lymphoma

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23
Q

Thickened folds and ulceration of stomach on endoscopy

A

MALT lymphoma

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24
Q

Rapidly progressive dysphagia (solids, then liquids)

A

Oesophageal carcinoma

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25
Q

Apple core appearance of oesophagus on barium swallow

A

Oesophageal carcinoma

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26
Q

Dyphagia with impact pain at sticking point

A

Oesophageal stricture

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27
Q

Fibrous scar tissue overlaid by granuation tissue, inflammatory exudate and necrotic slough on stomach biopsy

A

Peptic ulcer

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28
Q

Jaundice + pruritus + xanthelasma

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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29
Q

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies ± antinuclear antibodies

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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30
Q

Significantly elevated ALP and GGT + elevated IgM and cholesterol levels

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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31
Q

Jaundice + pruritus + beading on ERCP

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

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32
Q

Jaundice associated with ulcerative colitis

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

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33
Q

Epigastric fullness + pain + nausea/vomiting + slightly tender upper abdominal mass

A

Pancreatic pseudocyst

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34
Q

Enterotoxin in stool

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

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35
Q

Projectile vomiting + succession splash

A

Pyloric stenosis

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36
Q

Anal mass + faecal incontinence

A

Rectal prolapse

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37
Q

Anal mass protruding after bowel movement + sneezing + coughing

A

Rectal prolapse

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38
Q

Severe diarrhoea with high fever ± tenesmus

A

Shigella

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39
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease

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40
Q

Multiple peptic ulcers + diarrhoea

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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41
Q

Elevated gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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42
Q

Diagnosed with secretin injection + localised with CT or U/S

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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43
Q

Villous atrophy + crypt hyperplasia + lymphocyte infiltration

A

Coeliac disease

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44
Q

Anti-SMA

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

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45
Q

AMA

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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46
Q

IgA deficiency

A

Coeliac disease

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47
Q

Anti-transglutaminase antibodies

A

Coeliac disease

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48
Q

Slipping sign

A

Lipoma

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49
Q

Apple core sign

A

Colorectal cancer

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50
Q

Early satiety + constitutional symptoms

A

Gastric cancer

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51
Q

Anti-LKM-1

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

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52
Q

Anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Coeliac disease

53
Q

Anti-gliadin antibodies

A

Coeliac disease

54
Q

Lump below inguinal ligament that disappears lying down + distended veins

A

Saphena varix

55
Q

Corkscrew oesophagus

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

56
Q

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

A

Chronic cholecystitis

57
Q

Pneumouria

A

Crohn’s disease

58
Q

Ringed oesophagus

A

Eosinophilic oesophagitis

59
Q

CEA

A

Colorectal cancer

60
Q

CA 19-9

A

Pancreatic cancer

61
Q

Chronic offensive, watery diarrhoea

A

Giardia lamblia

62
Q

Subacute worsening diarrhoea + jaundice

A

Entamoeba histolytica

63
Q

Diarrhoea + neurological motor symptoms (Guillain-Barré syndrome)

A

Campylobacter jejuni

64
Q

Diarrhoea + HIV

A

Shigella or Cryptosporidium

65
Q

Bloody diarrhoea after chicken consumption

A

Salmonella

66
Q

Bloody diarrhoea in nursing home

67
Q

Distended abdomen + absent bowel sounds + tender LIF

A

Sigmoid volvulus

68
Q

Trophozoites

A

Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)

69
Q

Elevated AFP

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

70
Q

Difficult-to-flush diarrhoea after returning from South America

A

Giardia lamblia

71
Q

RUQ pain + normal bilirubin/GGT

A

Cholelithiasis

72
Q

RUQ pain + elevated bilirubin/GGT

A

Choledocholithiasis

73
Q

Mesenteric lymph node with disorganised glands found in subcapsular sinus

A

Sigmoid adenocarcinoma

74
Q

Elevated WCC in ascitic fluid

A

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

75
Q

Post-prandial abdominal pain + vasculopathic Hx

A

Chronic mesenteric ischaemia

76
Q

Ulceration at anal verge with everted irregular edge

A

Anal carcinoma

77
Q

Preprandial abdominal pain + dyspepsia

A

Duodenal ulcer

78
Q

Postprandial dyspepsia + belching

A

Chronic cholecystitis

79
Q

Relapsing/remitting watery diarrhoea

A

Giardia lamblia

80
Q

Anal discharge + pain + tenesmus in immunocompromised patient

A

Anal warts

81
Q

IBD with granulomas

A

Crohn’s disease

82
Q

IBD with crypt abscesses

A

Ulcerative colitis

83
Q

String sign on barium enema

A

Crohn’s disease

84
Q

Lead-pipe colon

A

Ulcerative colitis

85
Q

Cytoplasmic granules in hepatocytes on PAS stain

A

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

86
Q

Rigler’s sign

A

Pneumoperitoneum

87
Q

Diarrhoea that does not resolve after 2 days + fever

A

Salmonella

88
Q

Jaundice + rash + arthralgia in younger woman

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

89
Q

24-hour urine 5-HIAA

A

Carcinoid tumour

90
Q

Skin flushing + diarrhoea + restrictive cardiomyopathy + abdominal pain

A

Carcinoid syndrome

91
Q

Perianal condition treated with headache-causing ointment

A

Anal fissure

92
Q

PR bleeding with clots + Hx of constipation

A

Diverticular disease

93
Q

Fatigue + iron deficiency anaemia + osteopenia + skin rash

A

Coeliac disease

94
Q

Transilluminant scrotal swelling

A

Hydrocoele

95
Q

Impossible to get above inguinoscrotal swelling

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

96
Q

Diarrhoea + abdominal pain + RIF mass

A

Crohn’s disease

97
Q

Arterially enhancing liver mass on CT in OCP-using woman

A

Hepatocellular adenoma

98
Q

Worm-like scrotal standing

A

Varicocoele

99
Q

Psoas sign

A

Appendicitis

100
Q

Obturator sign

A

Appendicitis

101
Q

Acute RNA hepatitis

A

Hepatitis A

102
Q

DNA hepatitis

A

Hepatitis B

103
Q

Chronic RNA hepatitis

A

Hepatitis C

104
Q

Dirty necrosis

A

Colorectal cancer

105
Q

Gastroenteritis mimicking appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

106
Q

Rose spot macules + hepatosplenomegaly

A

Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)

107
Q

Bloody diarrhoea + TTP/HUS

A

Enteroinvasive E. coli

108
Q

IBD associated with eye inflammation

A

Ulcerative colitis

109
Q

IBD associated with gallstones

A

Crohn’s disease

110
Q

Severe abdominal pain + no bowel sounds + hypotension

A

Acute mesenteric ischaemia

111
Q

Colicky postprandial abdominal pain + weight loss

A

Chronic mesenteric ischaemia

112
Q

IBD associated with colon cancer

A

Ulcerative colitis

113
Q

IBD associated with fistulas

A

Crohn’s disease

114
Q

IBD associated with strictures

A

Crohn’s disease

115
Q

IBD associated with abscesses

A

Crohn’s disease

116
Q

Jaundice after eating contaminated seafood

A

Hepatitis A

117
Q

Mallory bodies

A

Alcoholic liver disease

also Wilson’s disease, PBC, NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma

118
Q

C282Y mutation

A

Haemochromatosis

119
Q

GI bleeding + aortic stenosis

A

Angiodysplasia (Heyde’s syndrome)

120
Q

Dysphagia + iron deficiency anaemia + oesophageal webs

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

121
Q

Post-sclerotherapy dysphagia

A

Benign oesophageal stricture

122
Q

Erythema nodosum + exudative pharyngitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

123
Q

Throbbing perianal pain

A

Anorectal abscess

124
Q

Parotidomegaly + hyperreflexia

A

Chronic liver disease

125
Q

Motile, curved Gram-negative rods

A

Campylobacter jejuni

126
Q

RIF pain after viral illness

A

Mesenteric adenitis

127
Q

Dysphagia in patient with South American background/travel

A

Chagas’ disease

128
Q

Hamartomatous polpys + hyperpigmented macules on lips/oral mucosa

A

Peutz-Jehgers syndrome

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