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Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Dysphagia for solids and liquids

A

Achalasia

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2
Q

Beak-like tapering of lower oesophagus on barium swallow

A

Achalasia

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3
Q

PR bleeding + anal pain + pruritus ani + excoriations in homosexual man

A

Anal carcinoma

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4
Q

Discharge causing perianal skin excoriation and pruritus ani

A

Anal fistula

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5
Q

Perianal condition associated with Crohn’s disease

A

Anal fistula

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6
Q

Constipation + mucus + tenesmus

A

Bowel cancer

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7
Q

Abdominal pain + ascites + hepatomegaly + hypercoagulable state

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

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8
Q

Lymphocytes + plasma cells + neutrophils (if active) on stomach biopsy

A

Chronic gastritis

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9
Q

Hyperglycaemia/diabetes + calcifications on AXR

A

Chronic pancreatitis

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10
Q

Severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised patient

A

Cryptosporidium

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11
Q

Diarrhoea + dilation of colon on AXR + oocytes in stool

A

Cryptosporidium

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12
Q

Hyperaemic mucosa and partial thickness erosions of stomach on endoscopy

A

Erosive gastritis

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13
Q

Hard faeces in rectum

A

Faecal impaction

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14
Q

Thickened, rigid gastric wall on endoscopy

A

Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

Signet ring cells on stomach biopsy

A

Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma

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16
Q

Subacute/chronic diarrhoea with features of malabsorption

A

Giardiasis

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17
Q

Diarrhoea from substandard drinking water

A

Giardiasis

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18
Q

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia associated with acute illness

A

Gilbert’s syndrome

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19
Q

Diabetes/heart failure + skin discolouration

A

Haemochromatosis

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20
Q

Bloody diarrhoea after reconstructive arterial surgery

A

Ischaemic colitis

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21
Q

Ulceration and haemorrhage of distal colon (splenic flexure, rectum) on endoscopy

A

Ischaemic colitis

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22
Q

Heavy infiltrate of atypical lymphocytes on stomach biopsy

A

MALT lymphoma

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23
Q

Thickened folds and ulceration of stomach on endoscopy

A

MALT lymphoma

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24
Q

Rapidly progressive dysphagia (solids, then liquids)

A

Oesophageal carcinoma

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25
Apple core appearance of oesophagus on barium swallow
Oesophageal carcinoma
26
Dyphagia with impact pain at sticking point
Oesophageal stricture
27
Fibrous scar tissue overlaid by granuation tissue, inflammatory exudate and necrotic slough on stomach biopsy
Peptic ulcer
28
Jaundice + pruritus + xanthelasma
Primary biliary cirrhosis
29
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies ± antinuclear antibodies
Primary biliary cirrhosis
30
Significantly elevated ALP and GGT + elevated IgM and cholesterol levels
Primary biliary cirrhosis
31
Jaundice + pruritus + beading on ERCP
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
32
Jaundice associated with ulcerative colitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
33
Epigastric fullness + pain + nausea/vomiting + slightly tender upper abdominal mass
Pancreatic pseudocyst
34
Enterotoxin in stool
Pseudomembranous colitis
35
Projectile vomiting + succession splash
Pyloric stenosis
36
Anal mass + faecal incontinence
Rectal prolapse
37
Anal mass protruding after bowel movement + sneezing + coughing
Rectal prolapse
38
Severe diarrhoea with high fever ± tenesmus
Shigella
39
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease
40
Multiple peptic ulcers + diarrhoea
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
41
Elevated gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
42
Diagnosed with secretin injection + localised with CT or U/S
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
43
Villous atrophy + crypt hyperplasia + lymphocyte infiltration
Coeliac disease
44
Anti-SMA
Autoimmune hepatitis
45
AMA
Primary biliary cirrhosis
46
IgA deficiency
Coeliac disease
47
Anti-transglutaminase antibodies
Coeliac disease
48
Slipping sign
Lipoma
49
Apple core sign
Colorectal cancer
50
Early satiety + constitutional symptoms
Gastric cancer
51
Anti-LKM-1
Autoimmune hepatitis
52
Anti-endomysial antibodies
Coeliac disease
53
Anti-gliadin antibodies
Coeliac disease
54
Lump below inguinal ligament that disappears lying down + distended veins
Saphena varix
55
Corkscrew oesophagus
Diffuse oesophageal spasm
56
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
Chronic cholecystitis
57
Pneumouria
Crohn's disease
58
Ringed oesophagus
Eosinophilic oesophagitis
59
CEA
Colorectal cancer
60
CA 19-9
Pancreatic cancer
61
Chronic offensive, watery diarrhoea
Giardia lamblia
62
Subacute worsening diarrhoea + jaundice
Entamoeba histolytica
63
Diarrhoea + neurological motor symptoms (Guillain-Barré syndrome)
Campylobacter jejuni
64
Diarrhoea + HIV
Shigella or Cryptosporidium
65
Bloody diarrhoea after chicken consumption
Salmonella
66
Bloody diarrhoea in nursing home
E. coli
67
Distended abdomen + absent bowel sounds + tender LIF
Sigmoid volvulus
68
Trophozoites
Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)
69
Elevated AFP
Hepatocellular carcinoma
70
Difficult-to-flush diarrhoea after returning from South America
Giardia lamblia
71
RUQ pain + normal bilirubin/GGT
Cholelithiasis
72
RUQ pain + elevated bilirubin/GGT
Choledocholithiasis
73
Mesenteric lymph node with disorganised glands found in subcapsular sinus
Sigmoid adenocarcinoma
74
Elevated WCC in ascitic fluid
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
75
Post-prandial abdominal pain + vasculopathic Hx
Chronic mesenteric ischaemia
76
Ulceration at anal verge with everted irregular edge
Anal carcinoma
77
Preprandial abdominal pain + dyspepsia
Duodenal ulcer
78
Postprandial dyspepsia + belching
Chronic cholecystitis
79
Relapsing/remitting watery diarrhoea
Giardia lamblia
80
Anal discharge + pain + tenesmus in immunocompromised patient
Anal warts
81
IBD with granulomas
Crohn's disease
82
IBD with crypt abscesses
Ulcerative colitis
83
String sign on barium enema
Crohn's disease
84
Lead-pipe colon
Ulcerative colitis
85
Cytoplasmic granules in hepatocytes on PAS stain
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
86
Rigler's sign
Pneumoperitoneum
87
Diarrhoea that does not resolve after 2 days + fever
Salmonella
88
Jaundice + rash + arthralgia in younger woman
Autoimmune hepatitis
89
24-hour urine 5-HIAA
Carcinoid tumour
90
Skin flushing + diarrhoea + restrictive cardiomyopathy + abdominal pain
Carcinoid syndrome
91
Perianal condition treated with headache-causing ointment
Anal fissure
92
PR bleeding with clots + Hx of constipation
Diverticular disease
93
Fatigue + iron deficiency anaemia + osteopenia + skin rash
Coeliac disease
94
Transilluminant scrotal swelling
Hydrocoele
95
Impossible to get above inguinoscrotal swelling
Indirect inguinal hernia
96
Diarrhoea + abdominal pain + RIF mass
Crohn's disease
97
Arterially enhancing liver mass on CT in OCP-using woman
Hepatocellular adenoma
98
Worm-like scrotal standing
Varicocoele
99
Psoas sign
Appendicitis
100
Obturator sign
Appendicitis
101
Acute RNA hepatitis
Hepatitis A
102
DNA hepatitis
Hepatitis B
103
Chronic RNA hepatitis
Hepatitis C
104
Dirty necrosis
Colorectal cancer
105
Gastroenteritis mimicking appendicitis
Yersinia enterocolitica
106
Rose spot macules + hepatosplenomegaly
Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)
107
Bloody diarrhoea + TTP/HUS
Enteroinvasive E. coli
108
IBD associated with eye inflammation
Ulcerative colitis
109
IBD associated with gallstones
Crohn's disease
110
Severe abdominal pain + no bowel sounds + hypotension
Acute mesenteric ischaemia
111
Colicky postprandial abdominal pain + weight loss
Chronic mesenteric ischaemia
112
IBD associated with colon cancer
Ulcerative colitis
113
IBD associated with fistulas
Crohn's disease
114
IBD associated with strictures
Crohn's disease
115
IBD associated with abscesses
Crohn's disease
116
Jaundice after eating contaminated seafood
Hepatitis A
117
Mallory bodies
Alcoholic liver disease | also Wilson's disease, PBC, NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma
118
C282Y mutation
Haemochromatosis
119
GI bleeding + aortic stenosis
Angiodysplasia (Heyde's syndrome)
120
Dysphagia + iron deficiency anaemia + oesophageal webs
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
121
Post-sclerotherapy dysphagia
Benign oesophageal stricture
122
Erythema nodosum + exudative pharyngitis
Yersinia enterocolitica
123
Throbbing perianal pain
Anorectal abscess
124
Parotidomegaly + hyperreflexia
Chronic liver disease
125
Motile, curved Gram-negative rods
Campylobacter jejuni
126
RIF pain after viral illness
Mesenteric adenitis
127
Dysphagia in patient with South American background/travel
Chagas' disease
128
Hamartomatous polpys + hyperpigmented macules on lips/oral mucosa
Peutz-Jehgers syndrome

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