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Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Coarse facies + headache + amenorrhoea + galactorrhoea

A

Acromegaly (+ prolactin hypersecretion)

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2
Q

Goitre due to bacterial infection in patent piriform sinus

A

Acute suppurative thyroiditis

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3
Q

Hirsutism + amenorrhoea + clitoromegaly + male-pattern hair growth with high cortisol + low ACTH

A

Adrenal carcinoma

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4
Q

Apple-green positive birefringence with Congo red stain under polarised light

A

Amyloidosis

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5
Q

Painful goitre in elderly + hoarseness + stridor + lymphadenopathy

A

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

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6
Q

Microaneurysms + blot haemorrhages + hard exudates + macular sparing

A

Background retinopathy

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7
Q

Sudden visual loss + thread-like retinal vessels + pale fundus + cherry red spot at macula

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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8
Q

Sudden visual loss + swollen/oedematous optic disc + haemorrhages

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

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9
Q

Thyroid mass in puberty/pregnancy + normal T4 with elevated TSH

A

Colloid nodule

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10
Q

Hypertension + metabolic alkalosis tested with fludrocortisone suppression test

A

Conn’s syndrome

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11
Q

Painful goitre + viral infection (mumps, Coxsackievirus, influenza)

A

de Quervain’s (subacute granulomatous) thyroiditis

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12
Q

Unilateral painful quadriceps in middle-aged male type 2 diabetic

A

Diabetic amyotrophy

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13
Q

Microaneurysms + blot haemorrhages + hard exudates + macular involvement

A

Diabetic maculopathy

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14
Q

Anti-TPO + anti-thyroglobulin antibodies

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (more anti-TPO) or Graves’ disease (more anti-thyroglobulin)

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15
Q

Acropachy + amenorrhoea + vitiligo + pernicious anaemia

A

Hyperthyroidism

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16
Q

Coarse facies + croaky voice + cerebellar symptoms

A

Hypothyroidism

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17
Q

Parathyroid hyperplasia + pancreatic islet cell tumour + pituitary adenoma

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

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18
Q

Parathyroid hyperplasia + medullary thyroid cancer + phaeochromocytoma

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A

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19
Q

Muscle weakness + hyperpigmentation after bilateral adrenalectomy

A

Nelson’s syndrome

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20
Q

Hat no longer fits + bone pain

A

Paget’s disease

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21
Q

Postpartum goitre + progression from hyperthyroid to hypothyroid to euthyroid

A

Painless lymphocytic thyroiditis

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22
Q

Palpitations + headache + impending sense of doom + sweating

A

Phaeochromocytoma

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23
Q

Elevated urine catecholamines but normal CT/MRI

A

Phaeochromocytoma (may be undetectable on CT/MRI)

24
Q

Microaneurysms + blot haemorrhages + hard exudates + cotton wool spots + venous loops and beading

A

Pre-proliferative retinopathy

25
Microaneurysms + blot haemorrhages + hard exudates + neovascularisation
Proliferative retinopathy
26
Cushingoid presentation + alcohol abuse
Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome
27
Agalactorrhoea + amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea after bleeding postpartum
Sheehan's syndrome
28
Microfollicles + abundant colloid + halo on U/S
Follicular adenoma
29
Floaters/vision loss + loss of red reflex + grey haze on fundoscopy in diabetic
Vitreous haemorrhage
30
Delayed puberty + hypogonadism/infertility + anosmia/hyposmia
Kallmann syndrome
31
Bone pain + elevated ALP + normal calcium and phosphate
Paget's disease
32
Looser's zones
Osteomalacia
33
Feeling of tightness in fingers and toes + bitemporal hemianopia
Acromegaly
34
Increased trabecular pattern with cortical thickening
Paget's disease
35
Goitre + diarrhoea + palpitations + fever
Thyroiditis
36
Weight gain + ankle swelling in transplant patient
Cushing's syndrome
37
Smooth, regular, diffusely enlarged thyroid
Graves' disease
38
Inhibition of circulating lymphocytes
Cushing's syndrome
39
Hyponatraemia + low plasma osmolality + urine osmolality > plasma osmolality + high urine sodium
SIADH
40
Water deprivation test with desmopressin
Diabetes insipidus
41
Sudden headache + nausea + visual disturbance
Pituitary apoplexy
42
Weight loss + hyperpigmentation
Addison's disease
43
Short QT interval + Osborn/J waves
Hypercalcaemia
44
Milkman fractures
Osteomalacia
45
Rachitic rosary/costochondral beading
Rickets
46
Genu varum/valgum + skull bossing + kyphoscoliosis
Rickets
47
Bone deformities + bone pain + hearing loss + facial pain
Paget's disease (with CN VIII and V involvement)
48
Elevated urine metanephrines
Phaeochromocytoma
49
Orphan Annie eyes
Papillary thyroid cancer
50
Psammoma bodies
Papillary thyroid cancer
51
Anti-GAD + anti-IA2 antibodies
T1DM
52
Low C-peptide
T1DM
53
Diabetic with postprandial nausea/vomiting
Autonomic neuropathy
54
Goitre + carpal tunnel syndrome
Hypothyroidism
55
Normal TSH and T4 + low T3
Sick euthyroid syndrome

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