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Buzzwords > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Coarse facies + headache + amenorrhoea + galactorrhoea

A

Acromegaly (+ prolactin hypersecretion)

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2
Q

Goitre due to bacterial infection in patent piriform sinus

A

Acute suppurative thyroiditis

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3
Q

Hirsutism + amenorrhoea + clitoromegaly + male-pattern hair growth with high cortisol + low ACTH

A

Adrenal carcinoma

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4
Q

Apple-green positive birefringence with Congo red stain under polarised light

A

Amyloidosis

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5
Q

Painful goitre in elderly + hoarseness + stridor + lymphadenopathy

A

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

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6
Q

Microaneurysms + blot haemorrhages + hard exudates + macular sparing

A

Background retinopathy

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7
Q

Sudden visual loss + thread-like retinal vessels + pale fundus + cherry red spot at macula

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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8
Q

Sudden visual loss + swollen/oedematous optic disc + haemorrhages

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

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9
Q

Thyroid mass in puberty/pregnancy + normal T4 with elevated TSH

A

Colloid nodule

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10
Q

Hypertension + metabolic alkalosis tested with fludrocortisone suppression test

A

Conn’s syndrome

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11
Q

Painful goitre + viral infection (mumps, Coxsackievirus, influenza)

A

de Quervain’s (subacute granulomatous) thyroiditis

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12
Q

Unilateral painful quadriceps in middle-aged male type 2 diabetic

A

Diabetic amyotrophy

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13
Q

Microaneurysms + blot haemorrhages + hard exudates + macular involvement

A

Diabetic maculopathy

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14
Q

Anti-TPO + anti-thyroglobulin antibodies

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (more anti-TPO) or Graves’ disease (more anti-thyroglobulin)

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15
Q

Acropachy + amenorrhoea + vitiligo + pernicious anaemia

A

Hyperthyroidism

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16
Q

Coarse facies + croaky voice + cerebellar symptoms

A

Hypothyroidism

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17
Q

Parathyroid hyperplasia + pancreatic islet cell tumour + pituitary adenoma

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

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18
Q

Parathyroid hyperplasia + medullary thyroid cancer + phaeochromocytoma

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A

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19
Q

Muscle weakness + hyperpigmentation after bilateral adrenalectomy

A

Nelson’s syndrome

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20
Q

Hat no longer fits + bone pain

A

Paget’s disease

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21
Q

Postpartum goitre + progression from hyperthyroid to hypothyroid to euthyroid

A

Painless lymphocytic thyroiditis

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22
Q

Palpitations + headache + impending sense of doom + sweating

A

Phaeochromocytoma

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23
Q

Elevated urine catecholamines but normal CT/MRI

A

Phaeochromocytoma (may be undetectable on CT/MRI)

24
Q

Microaneurysms + blot haemorrhages + hard exudates + cotton wool spots + venous loops and beading

A

Pre-proliferative retinopathy

25
Q

Microaneurysms + blot haemorrhages + hard exudates + neovascularisation

A

Proliferative retinopathy

26
Q

Cushingoid presentation + alcohol abuse

A

Pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome

27
Q

Agalactorrhoea + amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea after bleeding postpartum

A

Sheehan’s syndrome

28
Q

Microfollicles + abundant colloid + halo on U/S

A

Follicular adenoma

29
Q

Floaters/vision loss + loss of red reflex + grey haze on fundoscopy in diabetic

A

Vitreous haemorrhage

30
Q

Delayed puberty + hypogonadism/infertility + anosmia/hyposmia

A

Kallmann syndrome

31
Q

Bone pain + elevated ALP + normal calcium and phosphate

A

Paget’s disease

32
Q

Looser’s zones

A

Osteomalacia

33
Q

Feeling of tightness in fingers and toes + bitemporal hemianopia

A

Acromegaly

34
Q

Increased trabecular pattern with cortical thickening

A

Paget’s disease

35
Q

Goitre + diarrhoea + palpitations + fever

A

Thyroiditis

36
Q

Weight gain + ankle swelling in transplant patient

A

Cushing’s syndrome

37
Q

Smooth, regular, diffusely enlarged thyroid

A

Graves’ disease

38
Q

Inhibition of circulating lymphocytes

A

Cushing’s syndrome

39
Q

Hyponatraemia + low plasma osmolality + urine osmolality > plasma osmolality + high urine sodium

A

SIADH

40
Q

Water deprivation test with desmopressin

A

Diabetes insipidus

41
Q

Sudden headache + nausea + visual disturbance

A

Pituitary apoplexy

42
Q

Weight loss + hyperpigmentation

A

Addison’s disease

43
Q

Short QT interval + Osborn/J waves

A

Hypercalcaemia

44
Q

Milkman fractures

A

Osteomalacia

45
Q

Rachitic rosary/costochondral beading

A

Rickets

46
Q

Genu varum/valgum + skull bossing + kyphoscoliosis

A

Rickets

47
Q

Bone deformities + bone pain + hearing loss + facial pain

A

Paget’s disease (with CN VIII and V involvement)

48
Q

Elevated urine metanephrines

A

Phaeochromocytoma

49
Q

Orphan Annie eyes

A

Papillary thyroid cancer

50
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Papillary thyroid cancer

51
Q

Anti-GAD + anti-IA2 antibodies

A

T1DM

52
Q

Low C-peptide

A

T1DM

53
Q

Diabetic with postprandial nausea/vomiting

A

Autonomic neuropathy

54
Q

Goitre + carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Hypothyroidism

55
Q

Normal TSH and T4 + low T3

A

Sick euthyroid syndrome

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