Endocrine Flashcards
Coarse facies + headache + amenorrhoea + galactorrhoea
Acromegaly (+ prolactin hypersecretion)
Goitre due to bacterial infection in patent piriform sinus
Acute suppurative thyroiditis
Hirsutism + amenorrhoea + clitoromegaly + male-pattern hair growth with high cortisol + low ACTH
Adrenal carcinoma
Apple-green positive birefringence with Congo red stain under polarised light
Amyloidosis
Painful goitre in elderly + hoarseness + stridor + lymphadenopathy
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Microaneurysms + blot haemorrhages + hard exudates + macular sparing
Background retinopathy
Sudden visual loss + thread-like retinal vessels + pale fundus + cherry red spot at macula
Central retinal artery occlusion
Sudden visual loss + swollen/oedematous optic disc + haemorrhages
Central retinal vein occlusion
Thyroid mass in puberty/pregnancy + normal T4 with elevated TSH
Colloid nodule
Hypertension + metabolic alkalosis tested with fludrocortisone suppression test
Conn’s syndrome
Painful goitre + viral infection (mumps, Coxsackievirus, influenza)
de Quervain’s (subacute granulomatous) thyroiditis
Unilateral painful quadriceps in middle-aged male type 2 diabetic
Diabetic amyotrophy
Microaneurysms + blot haemorrhages + hard exudates + macular involvement
Diabetic maculopathy
Anti-TPO + anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (more anti-TPO) or Graves’ disease (more anti-thyroglobulin)
Acropachy + amenorrhoea + vitiligo + pernicious anaemia
Hyperthyroidism
Coarse facies + croaky voice + cerebellar symptoms
Hypothyroidism
Parathyroid hyperplasia + pancreatic islet cell tumour + pituitary adenoma
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Parathyroid hyperplasia + medullary thyroid cancer + phaeochromocytoma
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A
Muscle weakness + hyperpigmentation after bilateral adrenalectomy
Nelson’s syndrome
Hat no longer fits + bone pain
Paget’s disease
Postpartum goitre + progression from hyperthyroid to hypothyroid to euthyroid
Painless lymphocytic thyroiditis
Palpitations + headache + impending sense of doom + sweating
Phaeochromocytoma