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Y2: BL2301 > neuroglia > Flashcards

neuroglia Flashcards

1
Q

what are two main points about neuroglia

A

are not passive

just as important of not more so than neurons

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2
Q

why are neuroglia so important

A

many neurodegenerative diseases involve neurons and neuroglia and when they function incorrectly it can cause a number of problems

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3
Q

what are the three basic types of neuroglia

A

astrocytes
microglia
oligodendrocytes/ schwann cells

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4
Q

what are the two different terms for astrocytes

A

in grey matter- protoplasmic

white matter-fibrous

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5
Q

what do astrocytes contain

A

gap junctions(connexins) between them and specialised bundles of intermediate filaments

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6
Q

why do astrocytes have gap junctions

A

so they can propagate their own signals

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7
Q

what do specialised intermediate bundles within astroocytes contain

A

specialised proteins which can act as markers for these cells

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8
Q

what is the main function of astrocytes

A

separate nerve cells and oligodendrocytes so maintain integrity of NS

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9
Q

describe astrocytes ‘end feet’

A

cover most of free space on neuronal synapses and dendrites, capillaries and oligodendroyctes and they form cuffs around nodes of ranvier

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10
Q

what are three examples of molecules that astrocytes act as a buffer against

A

extracellular K
other ions
pH fluctuations

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11
Q

how do astrocytes affect the CNS

A

detoxify and provide homeostasis

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12
Q

what do astrocytes produce

A

cytokines and growth factors which can effect proliferations and survival of neurons
cell dhesion molecules which guide neuronal development

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13
Q

in the embryo what do astrocytes develop from

A

radial glial which span the brain parenchyma forming the framework for neural migration

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14
Q

describe astrocytes in adults

A

radial glial develop to form progenitors of astrocytes

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15
Q

what is the blood brain barrier

A

responsible for inducing and maintaining the tight junctions in the endothelial cells that form that barrier

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16
Q

where are microglia locates

A

in white and grey matter

17
Q

what is the structure of microglia

A

have rod like somas and numerous processes do not seem to form networks like astrocytes

18
Q

when are micrgolia activated

A

in diseases- proliferate and migrate to injury site

here they change morphology anf have thicket processes and larger cell bodies

19
Q

what are the three functions of microphages

A

express MHC-1 and MHC-2
produce cytokines
act as macrophages

20
Q

what are MHC 1 and MHC 2

A

antigen presenting cells to T cells

21
Q

where are oligodendrocytes locates

A

CNs
white matter- cerebellar tracts
corpus collosum
also found in grey matter

22
Q

what is the funciton of oligodendrocytes

A

can meylinate several axons

23
Q

where are schwann cells located

A

PNS

24
Q

what are 4 functions of schwann cells

A

myelination of neurons
separate neurons and isolate
in injury act as phagocytes
and secrete

25
Q

what are three secretions of schwann cells

A

laminin
fibroconectin
collagen
all components of basal lamina and extracellular matrix

26
Q

what is the main major function for both schwann cells and oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin for saltatory conduction

27
Q

when does myelination occur

A

late embryonic gestation and post-natal with CNS caudal to rostral and after PNS

28
Q

describe the coverage of myelin

A

not continuous
nodes of ranvier
sheath divided into segments called internodes

29
Q

what is myelin

A

specialised extension of cell membrane of myelinationg cells

30
Q

describe the number of axons myelinated in oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

A

20-30 internodes

one schwann cell wraps around one axon

31
Q

what bundles the nyelinated nerve in PNS

A

perinieum

32
Q

what is a mesaxon process

A

forms a cup around the point of contact whose lips advance around axon until they meet
one then passes underneath other to become inner leaf which roates to form multiple layers

33
Q

what is multiple sclorosis

A

immune mediated demyelinating disease

34
Q

what is charcot marie tooth

A

demyelation of nerves of PNS

Y2: BL2301 (20 decks)

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