Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y2: BL2301 > Cell Cycle 1 > Flashcards

Cell Cycle 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cell cycle

A

process by which the cell duplicates its contents and then divides into 2 daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe cell cycle outcome for multi and unicellular organisms

A

uni=two complete new organisms

multi=replacing cells that die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

at its most fundamental what does the cell cycle involve

A

high fideloty duplication of genetic material

accurate distribution of chromosomes into daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the s phase

A

period during which chromosomes are replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the m phase

A

period where replicated chromosomes are segreagted -mitosis- and cell divieds- cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what process occurs after s phase

A

sister chromatids held together by sister chromatid cohesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens when loss of sister chromatid cohesion

A

at metaphase anapahse tansition results in sister chromatids being pulled in opposite directions by spindles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the purpose of gap phasaes

A

allow cell to grow and monitors internaland external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens if conditions are not favourable for G1-S transition

A

cells enter specialised resting state called G0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is cell cycle progression controlled

A

complex network of regulatry interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are complex network of regulatory interactions

A

control cell cycle progression and include biochemical switched that ordered toensure cell cycle events take place in correct order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are checkpoints

A

ensure later events do no take place until earlier events are satisfactory completed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are conditional lethal mutants in budding yeast

A

inactivate genes without killing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where do the three major regulatory points occur

A

G1-s
G2-M
metaphase -anaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the regulatory point at G1-S transition

A

allows entry to cell cycle and proceed to S phase

start transition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe regulatory point at G2-M phase

A

is all DNA replicated?

allows entry into mitosis

17
Q

describe regulatory point at metaphase-anaphase transition

A

are all chromosomes attached to spindle

triggers anaphase to progress to cytokinesis

18
Q

how is progression through cell cycle controlled

A

by CDK complexes

19
Q

wat are CDK complexes comprised of

A

catalytic subunit

regulatory subunit

20
Q

what is the catalytic subunit on CDK complexes

A

protein kinases called CDKs and are present at constant level throughout cycle

21
Q

what are the regulatory subunits on CDK complexes

A

cyclins and undergo a cycle of synthesis and deconstruction during each cycle

22
Q

how were CDKs first identified

A

by genetic analysis of budding yeast
budding yeat CDC28 proteins are CDK enzymes (CDK1)
inactivation lead to cell cycle arrest

23
Q

what are the three essential classes of cyclin protein

A

G1/S cyclins
s-phase cyclins
m-phase cyclins

24
Q

what are G1/S cyclins

A

actiavte CDKs in late G1
resulting in commitment to entry to S-phase
this is called ‘start’

25
Q

what are S-phase cycline

A

interact with CDKs just after start and stimulate DNA replication

26
Q

what are M-phase cyclins

A

activate CDKs to drive mitosis

27
Q

why are there different CDK-cyclin complexes at each stage

A

as well to activating their cognate CD enzyme, cyclins confer substrate specificity on CDK

28
Q

how is cyclin dependent kinase activated

A

cyclin binding moves t loop preventing it blocking enzymes active site
a second kinase called CAK phosphorylated a serine or threonine in t loop to further enhance activity

29
Q

how is M-CDK activity inhibited

A

by Wee 1 protein kinase and they phosphorylate CDK1 on two neighbouring amino acids near active site

30
Q

how is M-CDK inhibition relieved

A

CDC25 phosphoprotein phosphotase removes phophates

Y2: BL2301 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions